Methane oxidation catalyst, process to prepare the same and method of using the same
The invention provides a process for preparing a methane oxidation catalyst comprising a mechanochemical treatment, a methane oxidation catalyst thus prepared and a method of oxidizing methane.
1. A process for preparing a methane oxidation catalyst comprising the following steps:
a.) calcining a non-modified zirconia precursor at a temperature in the range of from
675 to 1050° C. to prepare a calcined zirconia precursor comprising tetragonal zirconia wherein the weight ratio of tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic zirconia, if any is present, is greater than 31:1;
b.) conducting a mechanochemical treatment on the calcined zirconia precursor obtained from step a.)
to prepare zirconia comprising tetragonal zirconia and monoclinic zirconia wherein the weight ratio of tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic zirconia is in the range of from 1:1 to 31:1;
c.) impregnating the zirconia obtained from step b.) with a noble metal precursor-comprising impregnation solution to generate a wet noble metal-impregnated zirconia;
d.) drying the wet noble metal-impregnated zirconia at a temperature of no more than 120° C. to generate a dried noble metal-impregnated zirconia; and
e.) calcining the dried noble metal-impregnated zirconia at a temperature in the range of from 400 to 650° C. to generate a calcined noble metal-impregnated zirconia, wherein the mechanochemical treatment is selected from the group consisting of grinding, compressing, crushing, and milling.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic zirconia of the calcined zirconia precursor in step a.) is in the range of from 35:1 to 1000:1.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein no detectable monoclinic zirconia is present after the calcination of the non-modified zirconia precursor in step a.).
4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising depositing the calcined noble metal-impregnated zirconia after calcination in step e.) in the form of a layer, film or coating on a ceramic or metallic monolith substrate.
5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising depositing the zirconia obtained in step b.) in the form of a layer, film or coating on a ceramic or metallic monolith substrate and subsequently impregnating and treating the deposited zirconia according to steps c.) to e.).
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the calcined noble metal-impregnated zirconia obtained in step e.) or the zirconia obtained in step b.) is deposited on the ceramic or metallic monolith by a washcoating step.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the impregnation solution comprises a noble metal precursor selected from the group consisting of palladium compounds, platinum compounds, rhodium compounds and mixtures thereof.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the impregnation solution comprises at least one or more noble metal complexing or chelating compounds in a molar ratio of the complexing or chelating compounds to noble metal of from 1:1 to 5:1.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the calcination in step a.) is carried out at a temperature in the range of from 800 to 1025° C.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-modified zirconia precursor comprises tetragonal zirconia.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-modified zirconia precursor is not sulfated and not tungsten-modified.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monoclinic zirconia is present as a dispersion of monoclinic zirconia in the tetragonal zirconia.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the methane oxidation catalyst is deposited on a ceramic or metallic monolith substrate comprising pore channels, defining an inner pore channel surface, and wherein the zirconia is deposited in the form of a coating, washcoat or a film of a thickness in the range of from 10 to 250 μm on the inner pore channel surface.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dried noble metal-impregnated zirconia comprises in the range of from 0.5 to 15 wt % of total noble metals, based on the total weight of the noble metal(s) and tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia.
15. A methane oxidation catalyst prepared by a process according to claim 1 .
16. A method of oxidizing methane by contacting a gas stream comprising methane with a methane oxidation catalyst according to claim 15 in the presence of oxygen and oxidizing at least part of the methane in the gas stream to carbon dioxide and water.
17. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the stream comprising methane is an exhaust gas from a natural gas-fueled engine.