IP Library Granted Patent US 12,258,417
Granted Patent B2
US 12,258,417 · App. 16/329,125 · Granted Mar 25, 2025

Adenovirus armed with bispecific T cell engager

Inventors: Brian Robert Champion (Abingdon, GB); Alice Claire Noel Bromley (Abingdon, GB); Joshua David Freedman (Chigwell, GB); Kerry David Fisher (Witney, GB); Leonard William Seymour (Wootton by Woodstock, GB)
Assignee: AKAMIS BIO LIMITED
C07K16/30A61K35/761A61K39/39558A61P35/00C07K14/521C07K16/2809C07K16/40C12N15/86C12N15/861A61K35/768A61K38/00A61K2039/505A61K2039/5256A61K2039/585A61K2300/00C07K2317/31C07K2317/56C07K2317/622C07K2317/73C07K2317/75C07K2319/92C12N2710/10332C12N2710/10343C12N2830/60C12N2840/44
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,258,417
App. No.
16/329,125
Granted
Mar 25, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

A modified adenovirus, in particular Enadenotucirev (EnAd), armed with at least two bispecific T cell engagers each comprising at least two binding domains, wherein at least one of the domains is specific for a surface antigen on an immune cell of interest, such as a T-cell of interest. Also provided are a composition, such as a pharmaceutical formulation comprising the virus, use of the virus and virus formulations for treatment, such as in the treatment of cancer. The disclosure also extends to processes for preparing the virus.

Claims (37)

1. An oncolytic adenovirus comprising a sequence of formula (I):

5′ITR-B 1 -B A -B 2 -B X -B B -B Y -B 3 -3′ITR  (I)

wherein:

B 1 is a bond or comprises: E1A, E1B or E1A-E1B;

B A comprises: E2B-L1-L2-L3-E2A-L4;

B 2 is a bond or comprises: E3;

B X is a bond or a DNA sequence comprising: a restriction site, one or more transgenes or both;

B B comprises: L5;

B Y is a bond or a DNA sequence comprising: a restriction site, one or more transgenes or both;

B 3 is a bond or comprises: E4;

wherein the adenovirus encodes:

a tumour antigen-specific Bispecific T cell Engager comprising at least two binding domains, Bd1 and Bd2, wherein at least one of the binding domains is specific to a component of a T-cell receptor complex (TCR) and at least one of the binding domains is specific to a tumour antigen, and

a tumour stromal antigen-specific Bispecific T cell Engager comprising at least two binding domains, Bd3 and Bd4, wherein at least one of the binding domains is specific to a component of a T-cell receptor complex (TCR) and at least one of the binding domains is specific to a tumour stromal antigen;

wherein both Bispecific T cell Engagers are encoded in position B Y ; and

the adenovirus is Enadenotucirev (EnAd) or serotype 11 adenovirus (Ad11).

2. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the adenovirus is EnAd.

3. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the component of the T-cell receptor complex (TCR) is CD3 in the tumour antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager, the tumour stromal antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager or both.

4. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 3 , wherein the component of the T-cell receptor complex (TCR) in the tumour antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager, the tumour stromal antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager or both is selected from the group comprising CD3ε, CD3γ and CD3δ.

5. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the Bd2 in the tumour antigen-specific Bispecific T cell Engager and Bd4 in the tumour stromal antigen-specific Bispecific T cell Engager bind different antigens of interest.

6. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the tumour antigen-specific Bispecific T cell Engager comprises a binding domain that is specific to a tumour antigen selected from the group consisting of CEA, MUC-1, EpCAM, HER receptors HER1, HER2, HER3, HER4, PEM, A33, G250, carbohydrate antigens Le y , Le x , Le b , PSMA, TAG-72, STEAP1, CD166, CD24, CD44, E-cadherin, SPARC, ErbB2 and ErbB3.

7. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 6 , wherein the binding domain is specific to EpCAM.

8. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the tumour stromal antigen-specific Bispecific T cell Engager comprises a binding domain that is specific to a tumour stromal antigen selected from the group consisting of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), TREM1, IGFBP7, FSP-1, platelet-derived growth factor-α receptor (PDGFR-α), platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor (PDGFR-β) and vimentin.

9. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 8 , wherein the binding domain is specific to FAP.

10. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the adenovirus is replication competent.

11. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the adenovirus is replication deficient.

12. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein a transgene is under the control of an endogenous promoter.

13. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 wherein the tumour antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager, the tumour stromal antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager, or both, comprises a VH domain comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9.

14. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 13 , wherein the tumour antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager, the tumour stromal antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager, or both, comprises an scFv comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.

15. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the tumour stromal antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager comprises a VH domain comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12.

16. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 15 , wherein the tumour stromal antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager comprises an scFv comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, or 75.

17. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 wherein the tumour antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager comprises a VH domain comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18, and a VL comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17.

18. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 17 , wherein the tumour antigen-specific bispecific T cell engager comprises an scFv comprising an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16, or 73.

19. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the adenovirus comprises a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 120.

20. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 1 , wherein the adenovirus encodes at least one further transgene.

21. An oncolytic adenovirus according to claim 20 , wherein the further transgene(s) encodes a cytokine, chemokine and/or an immunomodulator.

22. A composition comprising an adenovirus according to claim 1 , and a diluent or carrier.

23. A composition according to claim 22 , wherein the composition comprises a second oncolytic virus.

Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jan 23, 2026
From: AKAMIS BIO LIMITED
To: AKAMIS BIO, INC.
Reel/Frame 073559/0435 →
CHANGE OF NAME Recorded Feb 28, 2023
From: PSIOXUS THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
To: AKAMIS BIO LIMITED
Reel/Frame 062886/0549 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Apr 1, 2021
From: CHAMPION, BRIAN ROBERT; BROMLEY, ALICE CLAIRE NOEL; FREEDMAN, JOSHUA DAVID; FISHER, KERRY DAVID; SEYMOUR, LEONARD WILLIAM
To: PSIOXUS THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
Reel/Frame 055801/0204 →
Priority Claims (4)
GB 1614607 · Aug 29, 2016 · national
GB 1700663 · Jan 13, 2017 · national
GB 1706219 · Apr 19, 2017 · national
GB 1713765 · Aug 28, 2017 · national
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20190233536A1 · Aug 1, 2019
References Cited (274)
US 5358866A · Mullen et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5595756A · Bally et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5631236A · Woo et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5648478A · Henderson · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5677178A · McCormick · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5843772A · Devine et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5972706A · McCormick · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6291214B1 · Richards et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6294377B1 · Haddada et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6420524B1 · Craig · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 7264958B1 · Koehl et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7288251B2 · Bedian et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7459153B2 · Wadell et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7550296B2 · Hermiston · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7858367B2 · Amalfitano et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8052965B2 · Van Beusechem et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8216819B2 · Hermiston · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20020019051A1 · Lusky · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020061592A1 · Blanche et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030017138A1 · Havenga et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030044384A1 · Roberts · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030096787A1 · Perricaudet et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040136958A1 · Wadell et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040151696A1 · Johnson et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040213764A1 · Wold et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050175589A1 · Iggo et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050186225A1 · Evans et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060140909A1 · Wickham et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060292682A1 · Hawkins et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20080069836A1 · Nabel et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080292592A1 · Chuda et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090022738A1 · Hofmeister · 2009 [cited by examiner]
US 20090311219A1 · Bonastre et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100047208A1 · Ke · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100297072A1 · Depinho · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110034560A1 · Jacobson et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120034228A1 · Kufer · 2012 [cited by examiner]
US 20170266243A1 · Champion et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180140649A1 · Champion et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180311291A1 · Champion et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190076493A1 · Champion et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190194690A1 · Champion et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190233536A1 · Champion et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
AU 2010244348A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CA 2244213A1 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
CN 1241632A · 2000 [cited by applicant]
CN 1242051A · 2000 [cited by applicant]
CN 101381742A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 1961961A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 102586327A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
DE 102005055128A1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
EP 1054064A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
EP 170269A1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2000504334A · 2000 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002531133 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002541792A · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008531700A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
JP 2015526450A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
SE 01000355 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 1998022609A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 1999018799A1 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 200015823A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 0032754A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 0034494A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 2000061726A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 0073478A3 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 0111034A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 200153506A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 2001092549A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 2001094413A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 2002099119A2 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 2003040170A2 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO 2003064666A1 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005010149A1 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO 2004108893A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005086922A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005107474A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005118825A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008080003 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2006093924A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009143610A1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010037835A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012024351A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013026833A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013074507A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013164754A2 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014029702A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014138314A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015059465A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015059303A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015077624A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015097220A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015153912A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015155370A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016030489A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016139463A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016146894A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016174200A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017103290A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017103291A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017161360A2 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018041827A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018041838 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018075978A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018083257A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018083258A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018083259A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019043020A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
Paul, Fundamental Immunology, 3rd Edition, 1993, pp. 292-295. [cited by examiner]
Rudikoff et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1982, 79(6):1979-1983. [cited by examiner]
Colman, Research in Immunology, 1994, 145:33-36. [cited by examiner]
Bendig, Methods: A Companion to Methods in Enzymology, 1995; 8:83-93. [cited by examiner]
Khantasup et al., Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy, 2015, 34(6): 404-417. [cited by examiner]
Murphy et al. (Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 463: 127-133, 2018. [cited by examiner]
Wuest et al., J Biotechnology, 2001, 92: 159-168. [cited by examiner]
Fajardo, et al., “Bi-Specific T-Cell Engager-Armed Oncolytic Adenoviruses as a Strategy to Improve Antitumor Efficacy”, InHuman Gene Therapy, vol. 26, No. 9, pp. A13-A14, Sep. 1, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Champion, et al., “Abstract 295: Delivery of Checkpoint Inhibitor Antibodies and Other Therapeutics Directly to Tumors by Encoding Them Within the Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev: Cancer Research”, AACR 106th Annual… [cited by applicant]
Champion, et al., ““Arming” the Chimeric Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev to Deliver Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Therapeutics Directly to Tumors”, Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, vol. 2, No. S3, p. P46, Dec.… [cited by applicant]
Raum, et al., “Novel Primate-Crossreactive BiTE Antibodies that Eliminate Cancer Cells Expressing cMet, IGFR-1, FAP-alpha, PSCA, Endosialin, CAIX or Her2/neu”, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Associati… [cited by applicant]
Freedman, et al., “Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Bispecific Antibody Targets T-Cell Cytotoxicity in Cancer Biopsies”, EMBO Molecular Medicine, vol. 9, No. 8, pp. 1067-1087, Aug. 1, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Garcia-Carbonero, et al., “Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Administration of the Chimeric Adenovirus Enadenotucirev in Patients Undergoing Primary Tumor Resection”, Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1… [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/EP2017/071655, mailed Dec. 13, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Mukherjee et al, Identification of EpCAM as a Molecular target of prostate cancer stroma, American J of pathology, vol. 175, No. 6 , Dec. 1, 2009, 2277-2287. [cited by applicant]
Demers et al, Pharmacologic indicators of antitumor efficacy for oncolytic virotherapy, Cancer research, vol. 63, No. 14 (Jul. 15, 2003), 4003-4008. [cited by applicant]
Oorschot et al, Apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and malignant cells but not in normal cells, PNAS, May 1997, vol. 94, pp. 5843-5847. [cited by applicant]
Parks et al, Adenoviral vectors: prospects for gene delivery to the central nervous system, Gene Therapy, 1999, vol. 6, 1349-1350. [cited by applicant]
Boni et al, A Phase 1 Mechanism of Action Study of Intra-Tumoural (IT) or Intravenous (IV) Administration of Enadenotucirev, an Oncolytic AD11/AD3 Chimeric Group B Adenovirus in Colon Cancer Patients Undergoing Resectio… [cited by applicant]
Nettelbeck et al, Cellular genetic tools to control oncolytic adenoviruses for virotherapy of cancer, J Mol Med (2008) 86:363-377. [cited by applicant]
Di, Y., et al, Activity of a Group B Oncolytic Adenovirus (ColoAd1) in Whole Human Blood, Gene Ther. Apr. 2014;21(4):440-3. [cited by applicant]
Puthupparampil et al, Tumor growth inhibition from tumor targeted delivery of diphtheria toxin gene, Mol Therapy, 2005, vol. 11, supplement No. 1, A124. [cited by applicant]
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 8:11, 1550-1553; Nov. 2012, Unique anti-cancer agent ColoAd1 enters the clinic, www.landesbioscience.com. [cited by applicant]
Fuerer and Iggo, 5-Fluorocytosine increases the toxicity of Wnt-targeting replicating adenoviruses that express cytosine deaminase as a late gene, Gene Therapy (2004), 11, 142-151. [cited by applicant]
Rancourt et al, Conditionally replicative adenoviruses for cancer therapy, 6th delivery review 27 (1997): 67-81. [cited by applicant]
Richards et al, The Amid system: Generation of recombinant adenoviruses by Tn7-mediated transposition in [cited by applicant]
Roshon et al, Gene trap mutagenesis of hnRNP A2/B1: a cryptic 3′ splice site in the neomycin resistance gene allows continued expression of the disrupted cellular gene, BMC Genomics, vol. 4, No. 2, 1-11 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Sirena et al, The nucleotide sequence and a first generation gene transfer vector of species B human adenovirus serotype 3, Virol. 343, 283-98 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Sood et al, Functional role of matrix metalloproteinases in ovarian tumor cell plasticity, Am. J. Obstetrics Gynecol. 196, 899-909 (2004). [cited by applicant]
Stellwagan et al, Gain of function mutations in TnsC, an ATP-dependent transposition protein that activates the bacterial transposon Tn7, Genetics 145: 573-585 (1997). [cited by applicant]
Stevenson et al, Selective targeting of human cells by a chimeric adenovirus vector containing a modified fiber protein, J virol. vol. 71, No. 6, 4782-4790, (1997). [cited by applicant]
Stone, D., et al, Development and Assessment of Human Adenovirus Type 11 as a Gene Transfer Vector, J Virol. Apr. 2005;79(8):5090-104. [cited by applicant]
Tedcastle A. et al, Actin-resistant DNAse I Expression From Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev Enhances Its Intratumoral Spread and Reduces Tumor Growth, Mol Ther. 24:796, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Thorne et al, Oncolytic virotherapy: Approaches to tumor targeting and enhancing antitumor effects, Sem oncol. 32, 537-48, Dec. 1, 2005. [cited by applicant]
Tollefson et al, The Adenovirus Death Protein (E3-11.6K) is Required at Very Late Stages of Infection for Efficient Cell Lysis and Release of Adenovirus from Infected Cells, Journal of Virology, Apr. 1996, vol. 70, No. … [cited by applicant]
Wang et al, High levels of EGFR expression in tumor stroma are associated with aggressive clinical features in epithelial ovarian cancer, Oncotargets and therapy, vol. 9, Jan. 19, 2016, 377-386. [cited by applicant]
Yan et al, Developing Novel Oncolytic Adenoviruses through bioselection, J Virol. vol. 77, No. 4, Feb. 2003, 2640-2650. [cited by applicant]
Plasmids 101: Multicistronic Vectors. Jan. 29, 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150129022727/https://blog.addgene.org/plasmids-101-multicistronic-vectors. [cited by applicant]
Gene Therapy Vaccinia Virus Vectors Explained. Feb. 1, 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150201083914/www.genetherapynet.com/viral-vector/vaccinia-viruses.html. [cited by applicant]
Raki, M., et al, Oncolytic Adenovirus Ad5/3-delta24 and Chemotherapy for Treatment of Orthotopic Ovarian Cancer, Gynecol Oncol. Jan. 2008;108(1):166-72. [cited by applicant]
Russell, S. J., et al, Oncolytic Virotherapy, Nat Biotechnol. Jul. 10, 2012;30(7):658-70. [cited by applicant]
Vellinga, J., et al, The Adenovirus Capsid: Major Progress in Minor Proteins, J Gen Virol. Jun. 2005;86(Pt 6):1581-1588. [cited by applicant]
Jin, F., et al., Identification of Novel Insertion Sites in the Ad5 GenomeThat Utilize the Ad Splicing Machinery forTherapeutic Gene Expression, Moleculartherapy vol. 12, No. 6, Dec. 2005. [cited by applicant]
Hermiston, T.W., et al., Review Armed therapeutic viruses: Strategies and challengesto arming oncolytic viruses with therapeutic genes, Cancer Gene Therapy (2002) 9, 1022-1035. [cited by applicant]
Funston, G. M., et al., Expression of heterologous genes in oncolytic adenoviruses using picornaviral 2A sequences that trigger ribosome skipping, J Gen Virol . Feb. 2008;89(Pt 2):389-396. [cited by applicant]
Lee, C. H., et al., Tumor-localized ligation of CD3 and CD28 with systemic regulatory T-cell depletion induces potent innate and adaptive antitumor responses, Clin Cancer Res . Apr. 15, 2009;15(8):2756-66. [cited by applicant]
Liao, K.W., et al., Activation of lymphocytes by anti-CD3 single-chain antibody dimers expressed on the plasma membrane of tumor cells, Gene Ther. Feb. 2000;7(4):339-47. [cited by applicant]
Garcia-Carbonero et al, ASCO Meeting library Jun. 3, 2014, A phase 1 mechanism of action study of intratumoral or intravenous administration of enadenotucirev, an oncolytic Ad11/AD3 chimeric group B adenovirus in colon … [cited by applicant]
Stone, D., et al., The complete nucleotide sequence, genome organization, and origin of human adenovirus type 11, Virology 309 (2003) 152-165. [cited by applicant]
Holterman, L., et al., Novel Replication-Incompetent Vector Derived from Adenovirus Type 11 (Ad11) for Vaccination and Gene Therapy: Low Seroprevalence and Non-Cross-Reactivity with Ad5, Journal of Virology, Dec. 2004, … [cited by applicant]
Calvo et al, A First-in-class, a first-in-human phase I study of enadenotucirv an oncolytic Ad11/Ad3 chemeric group B adenovirus, administered intravenously in patients with metastatic epithelial tumors, Journal of Clin… [cited by applicant]
Lee, Y-S, et al., Enhanced Antitumor Effect of Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Interleukin-12 and B7-1in an Immunocompetent Murine Model, Clin. Cancer Res 2006;12(19) Oct. 1, 2006. [cited by applicant]
Paul, S., et al., Tumor gene therapy by MVA-mediated expression of T-cell-stimulating antibodies, Cancer Gene Therapy (2002) 9, 470-477. [cited by applicant]
Raum, T. J., et al., Abstract 2434: Novel primate-crossreactive BiTE antibodies that eliminate cancer cells expressing cMet, IGFR-1, FAP-alpha, PSCA, Endosialin, CAIX or Her2/neu, AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010—Apr. 17-… [cited by applicant]
Yang, Z-M, et al., Anti-CD3 scFv-B7.1 fusion protein expressed on the surface of Hela cells provokes potent T- lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity, Biochem Cell Biol. Apr. 2007;85(2):196-202. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion of PCT/EP2020/067668, dated Nov. 5, 2020. [cited by applicant]
Detergents: Triton X-100, Tween-20, and More, Jun. 10, 2020, Mater Methods 2013;3:163. [cited by applicant]
Clement, N., et al., Construction and production of oncotropic vectors, derived from MVM(p), that share reduced sequence homology with helper plasmids, Cancer Gene Ther. Sep. 2002;9(9):762-70. [cited by applicant]
Shashkova, E., et al., Characterization of human adenovirus serotypes 5, 6, 11, and 35 as anticancer agents, Virology Nov. 25, 2009;394(2):311-20. [cited by applicant]
Ferguson, M., et al., Systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses: hopes and hurdles, Advances in Virology, V 2012, Article ID 805629. [cited by applicant]
Carlisle, R.C., et al., Human erythrocytes bind and inactivate type 5 adenovirus by presenting Coxsackie virus- adenovirus receptor and complement receptor 1, Blood Feb. 26, 2009;113(9):1909-18. [cited by applicant]
Chau, L.A, et al., HuM291(Nuvion), a humanized Fc receptor-nonbinding antibody against CD3, anergizes peripheral blood T cells as partial agonist of the T cell receptor, Transplantation Apr. 15, 2001;71(7):941-50. [cited by applicant]
Diehl, K-H, et al., A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes J. Appl. Toxicol, 21, 15-23 (2001). [cited by applicant]
Chia S.L. et al, Group B adenovirus enadenotucirev infects polarised colorectal cancer cells efficiently from the basolateral surface expected to be encountered during intravenous delivery to treat disseminated cancer, … [cited by applicant]
Choi, K-J, et al., Concurrent delivery of GM-CSF and B7-1 using an oncolytic adenovirus elicits potent antitumor effect, Gene Ther. Jul. 2006;13(13):1010-20. [cited by applicant]
Alemany, R., Oncolytic Adenoviruses in Cancer Treatment, Biomedicines 2014, 2, 36-49. [cited by applicant]
Nemunaitis, J., et al., Intravenous infusion of a replication-selective adenovirus (ONYX-015) in cancer patients: safety, feasibility and biological activity, Gene Therapy (2001) 8, 746-759. [cited by applicant]
Hemminki, A., Oncolytic Immunotherapy: Where Are We Clinically?, Scientifica, vol. 2014, Article ID 862925, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Hobbs, W. E., et al., Efficient Activation of Viral Genomes by Levels of Herpes Simplex Virus ICPO Insufficient To Affect Cellular Gene Expression or Cell Survival, Journal of Virology, Apr. 2001, p. 3391-3403. [cited by applicant]
Hu, Z-B, et al., A simplified system for generating oncolytic adenovirus vector carrying one or two transgenes, Cancer Gene Therapy vol. 15, pp. 173-182(2008). [cited by applicant]
Illingworth et al, ColoAd1 a group B oncolytic adenovirus: pre-clinical assessment of potency, safety and selectivity, Human gene therapy, vol. 23, No. 10, Oct. 2012, p. A19. [cited by applicant]
Jiang et al, The controlled transgene expression in oncolytic adenoviral vectors with major late promoter for therapy of cancer, Mol. Therapy 13(Supp 1), 2006, S251. [cited by applicant]
Kwon, O-J, et al., Therapeutic targeting of chitosan-PEG-folate-complexed oncolytic adenovirus for active and systemic cancer gene therapy, J Control Release, Aug. 10, 2013;169(3):257-65. [cited by applicant]
Lee, Y-S, et al., Enhanced Antitumor Effect of Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Interleukin-12 and B7-1 in an Immunocompetent Murine Model, Clin Cancer Res 2006;5859 12(19) Oct. 1, 2006. [cited by applicant]
Pol, J., et al., Trial Watch Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy, Oncolmmunology 3, e28694; Apr. 2014. [cited by applicant]
Putzer, B. M., et al., Improved treatment of pancreatic cancer by IL-12 and B7.1 costimulation: antitumor efficacy and Immunoregulation in a nonimmunogenic tumor model, Mol Ther. Apr. 2002;5(4):405-12. [cited by applicant]
Small, E. J., A Phase I Trial of Intravenous CG7870, a Replication-Selective, Prostate-Specific Antigen-Targeted Oncolytic Adenovirus, for the Treatment of Hormone-Refractory, Metastatic Prostate Cancer, Molecular Thera… [cited by applicant]
Nakashima, E., et al., A candidate for cancer gene therapy: MIP-1 alpha gene transfer to an adenocarcinoma cell line reduced tumorigenicity and induced protective immunity in immunocompetent mice, Pharm Res. Dec. 1996;1… [cited by applicant]
Kaufman, H. L., et al., Oncolytic viruses: a new class of immunotherapy drugs, Nat Rev Drug Discov. Sep. 2015;14(9):642-62. [cited by applicant]
Ferrantini, M., et al., Interferon-alpha and cancer: mechanisms of action and new perspectives of clinical use, Biochimie. Jun.-Jul. 2007;89(6-7):884-93. [cited by applicant]
Carlos, A. F., et al., Bi-specific T-Cell engager-armed oncolytic adenoviruses as a strategy to improve antitumor efficacy, Human Gene, vol. 26, No. 9, Sep. 1, 2015, A13-14. [cited by applicant]
PsiOxus Therapeutics, Ltd, Press Release, PsiOxus Therapeutics to Release Study Results of Oncolytic Vaccine Enadenotucirev In Cancer Patients, Oxford, UK, Apr. 13, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Ramakrishna, E., et al., Antitumoral immune response by recruitment and expansion of dendritic cells in tumors infected with telomerase-dependent oncolytic viruses, Cancer Res. Feb. 15, 2009;69(4):1448-58. [cited by applicant]
Liao, K.W., et al., Design of transgenes for efficient expression of active chimeric proteins on mammalian cells, Biotechnol Bioeng. May 20, 2001;73(4):313-23. [cited by applicant]
Cruise & Lewis, Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 2nd Eddition, CRC Press, 1937. [cited by applicant]
Wüest et al, Construction of a bispecific single chain antibody for recruitment of cytotoxic T cells to the tumor stroma associated antigen fibroblast activation protein, Journal of Biotechnology 92 (2001), 159-168. [cited by applicant]
Vogels et al, Replication-deficient human adenovirus type 35 vectors for gene transfer and vaccination: efficient human cell infection and bypass of preexisting adenovirus immunity, J of Virology, vol. 77, No. 15, Aug. … [cited by applicant]
Reid et al, Intravascular adenoviral agents in cancer patients: lessons from clinical trials, Cancer Gene Therapy (2002), 9, 979-986. [cited by applicant]
Laurie et al, A phase 1 clinical study of intravenous administration of PV701, an oncolytic virus, using two-step desensitization, Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(8), Apr. 15, 2006. [cited by applicant]
Ahmed et al, Intratumoral expression of a fusogenic membrane glycoprotein enhances the efficacy of replicating adenovirus therapy, Gene Therapy (2003) vol. 10, pp. 1663-1671. [cited by applicant]
Hemminki et al, Ad3-hTERT-E1A, a fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus, in patients with chemotherapy refractory cancer, Molecular Therapy, vol. 20, No. 9, 1821-1830, Sep. 2012. [cited by applicant]
Alisky et al, Gene transfer to brain and spinal cord using recombinant adenoviral vectors, Methods in Mol Biol, vol. 246, 91-120, 2004. [cited by applicant]
Arafat et al, Effective single chain antibody (scFv) concentrations in vivo via adenoviral vector mediated expression of secretory scFv, Gene therapy, vol. 9, 256-262 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Biery et al, A simple in vitro Tn7-based transposition system with low target site selectivity for genome and gene analysis, Nucleic acids res, 28: 1067-1077 (2000). [cited by applicant]
Cascone et al, Upregulated stromal EGFR and vascular remodelling in mouse xenograft models of angiogenesis Inhibitor-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma, J. clinical invest, vol. 121, No. 4, Apr. 1, 2011, 131-1328. [cited by applicant]
Casimiro et al, Comparative immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys of DNA plasmid, recombinant vaccinia virus and replication-defective adenovirus vectors, J. Virol 77, 6305-13 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Mizuguchi et al, Approaches for generating recombinant adenovirus vectors, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2001, vol. 52, pp. 165-176. [cited by applicant]
Champion et al, Jul. 2016, Developing tumor-localized, combination immunotherapies, http://psioxus.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/AACR-Poster-Apr-2016.pdf. [cited by applicant]
Dyer et al, Oncolytic Group B adenovirus Enadenotucirev mediates non-apoptotic cell death with membrane disruption and release of inflammatory mediators, Molecular therapy Oncolytics, vol. 4, Mar. 2017, 18-30. [cited by applicant]
Dyer A. et al, Antagonism of Glycolysis and Reductive Carboxylation of Glutamine Potentiates Activity of Oncolytic Adenoviruses in Cancer Cells, Cancer Res. 79:331 , 2019. [cited by applicant]
Nemunatitis, J., et al., Intravenous infusion of a replication-selective adenovirus (ONYX-015) in cancer patients: safety, feasibility and biological activity, Gene Therapy (2001) 8, 746-759. [cited by applicant]
Kuhn, I., et al., Directed evolution generates a novel oncolytic virus for the treatment of colon cancer, PLoS One. Jun. 18, 2008;3(6):e2409. [cited by applicant]
Mei et al, Comparative analysis of the genome organization of human adenovirus 11, a member of the human adenovirus species B, and the commonly used human adenovirus 5 vector, a member of species C, J Gen Virol. vol. 34… [cited by applicant]
Yu, F., et al., Cancer Associated Fibroblasts-Targeted Oncolytic Virus Results in Enhanced Antitumor Activity in Mouse Model, Molecular Therapy vol. 23, Supplement 1, May 2015. [cited by applicant]
Freedman J.D. et al, An Oncolytic Virus Expressing a T-cell Engager Simultaneously Targets Cancer and Immunosuppressive Stromal Cells, Cancer Res Nov 18: 1-14, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Frentzen et al, Anti-VEGF single=chain antibody GLAF-1 encoded by oncolytic vaccinia virus significantly enhances anti-tumor therapy, Proceedings Nat Aca Sci, vol. 106, No. 31, (Aug. 4, 2009), 12915-12920. [cited by applicant]
Forrester et al, Serotype-specific inactivation of the cellular DNA damage response during adenovirus infection, J. Vir 85(5), 2011, 2201-2211. [cited by applicant]
Fountzilas et al, Review: Oncolytic virotherapy, updates and future directions, Oncotarget, vol. 8, No. 60, May 31, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Fu et al, Expression of a Fusogenic Membrane Glycoprotein by an Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Potentiates the Viral Antitumor Effect, Molecular Therapy, Jun. 2003, vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 748-754. [cited by applicant]
Galanis et al, Use of Viral Fusogenic Membrane Glycoproteins as Novel Therapeutic Transgenes in Gliomas, Human Gene Therapy, 2001, vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 811-821, Abstract. [cited by applicant]
Fajardo, C. A., et al., Oncolytic Adenoviral Delivery of an EGFR-Targeting T-cell Engager Improves Antitumor Efficacy, Cancer Res. Apr. 15, 2017;77(8):2052-2063. [cited by applicant]
Grill et al, Mol. The organotypic multicellular spheroid is a relevant three-dimensional model to study adenovirus replication and penetration in human tumors in vitro, Therapy, vol. 6, No. 5, 609-614 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Heise et al, Onyx-015, an E1B gene-attenuated adenovirus, causes tumor-specific cytolysis and antitumoral efficacy that can be augmented by standard chemotherapeutic agents, Nat Met, vol. 3, No. 6, 639-645, 1997. [cited by applicant]
Champion et al, NG-348: a novel oncolytic virus designed to mediate anti-tumour activity via the potent and selective polyclonal activation of tumor-infiltrating T-cells, Cancer research, vol. 77, No. 13, Jul. 2017. [cited by applicant]
Hermiston, A demand for next-generation oncolytic adenoviruses, Curr. Op. Mol. Therapeutics 8, 322-30, Aug. 2006. [cited by applicant]
Machiels J-P. et al, A Phase 1 Dose Escalation Study of the Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev, Administered Intravenously to Patients with Epithelial Solid Tumors, (EVOLVE) Journal for Immuno Therapy of Cancer 7:20, 2… [cited by applicant]
Hermiston T., Gene delivery from replication-selective viruses: arming guided missiles in the war against cancer, J Clinical invest, vol. 105, No. 9, (May 1, 2000), 1169-1172. [cited by applicant]
Illingworth et al, Preclinical Safety Studies of Enadenotucirev, a Chimeric Group B Human-Specific Oncolytic Adenovirus, Mol Ther Oncolytics. 5:62, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Hermiston T. et al, The Discovery and Development of Selectively Replicating Adenoviruses-Anticancer Agents, J Tumor targeting 2000, vol. 4 No. 4, 218-224. [cited by applicant]
Jolly D et al, Viral vector systems for gene therapy, Cancer gene therapy, vol. 1, No. 1, (1994) 51-64. [cited by applicant]
Kanerva et al, Gene transfer to ovarian cancer vs normal tisuses with fiber-modified adenoviruses, Molecular Therapy, vol. 5 (6), 2002, 695-704. [cited by applicant]
Kleinman & Martin, Matrigel: Basement membrane matrix with biological activity, Seminars in cancer biology 15, 378-86, Oct. 1, 2005. [cited by applicant]
Lai et al, Adenovirus and adeno-associated virus vectors, DNA Cell Bio, vol. 21, No. 12, 895-913 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Kuhn et al, 319. ColoAd1, a chimeric Ad11p/Ad3 Oncolytic virus for the treatment of colon cancer, Molecular Therapy, vol. 11, Aug. 15, 2005, p. 124. [cited by applicant]
Lee et al, Replicating adenoviral vector-mediated transfer of a heat-inducible double suicide gene for gene therapy, Cancer gene therapy, vol. 8, No. 6, 397-404 (2001). [cited by applicant]
Liao et al, Stable expression of chimeric anti-CD3 receptors on mammalian cells for stimulation of anti-tumor immunity, Cancer gene therapy 10, 2003, 779-790. [cited by applicant]
Kangasniemi, Improving oncolytic adenoviral therapies for gastrointestinal cancers and tumor initiating cells, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Jan. 1, 2010, 1-70. [cited by applicant]
Luckow et al, Efficient generation of infectious recombinant baculoviruses by site-specific transposon-mediated insertion of foreign genes into a baculovirus genome propagated in [cited by applicant]
Marino et al, Development of a versatile oncolytic virus platform for local intra-tumoral expression of therapeutic transgenes, pLOS One, May 18, 2017, 1-23. [cited by applicant]
McConnell & Imperiale, Biology of adenovirus and its use as a vector for gene therapy, Human Gene therapy 1022-1033, Nov. 11, 2014. [cited by applicant]
McVey et al, Rapid construction of adenoviral vectors by lambda phage genetics, J. Virol, vol. 76, No. 8, 3670-3677 (Apr. 2002). [cited by applicant]
Meinschad & Winnacker, Recombination in adenovirus. I. Analysis of recombinant viruses under non-selective conditions, J of Gen. Virol. 1980, vol. 48, 219-224. [cited by applicant]
Francini, N. et al, Polyvalent Diazonium Polymers Provide Efficient Protection of Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev from Neutralizing Antibodies while Maintaining Biological Activity In Vitro and In Vivo, Bioconjug Ch… [cited by applicant]
Hotte et al, An optimized clinical regimen for the oncolytic virus PV701, Clin Cancer Res, 2007; 13(3), Feb. 1, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Dias, J. D., et al., Targeted cancer immunotherapy with oncolytic adenovirus coding for a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for CTLA-4, Gene Ther. Oct. 2012;19(10):988-98. [cited by applicant]
Chang, C-M, et al., Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with adeno-associated virus encoding interleukin-15 superagonist, Hum Gene Ther. May 2010;21(5):611-21. [cited by applicant]
Cheng, L., et al., Hyper-IL-15 suppresses metastatic and autochthonous liver cancer by promoting tumour-specific CD8+ T cell responses, J Hepatol. Dec. 2014;61(6):1297-303. [cited by applicant]
Guo, Y., et al., Immunobiology of the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex as an antitumor and antiviral agent, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. Dec. 2017;38:10-21. [cited by applicant]
Ni, S., et al., Evaluation of biodistribution and safety of adenovirus vectors containing group B fibers after intravenous injection into baboons, Hum Gene Ther. Jun. 2005;16(6):664-77. [cited by applicant]
Heppner, G. H., et al., Tumor heterogeneity: biological implications and therapeutic consequences, Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1983;2(1):5-23. [cited by applicant]
Sporn, M. B., et al., Chemoprevention of cancer, Carcinogenesis. Mar. 2000;21(3):525-30. [cited by applicant]
Auerbach, R., et al., Angiogenesis assays: problems and pitfalls, Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2000; 19(1-2):167-72. [cited by applicant]
Gura, T., Systems for identifying new drugs are often faulty, Science. Nov. 7, 1997;278(5340):1041-2. [cited by applicant]
Jain, R. K., Barriers to drug delivery in solid tumors, Sci Am. Jul. 1994;271(1):58-65. [cited by applicant]
Hait, W. N., Anticancer drug development: the grand challenges, Nat Rev Drug Discov. Apr. 2010;9(4):253-4. [cited by applicant]
Gravanis, I., et al., The changing world of cancer drug development: the regulatory bodies' perspective, Chin Clin Oncol. Jun. 2014;3(2):22. [cited by applicant]
Beans, C., News Feature: Targeting metastasis to halt cancer's spread, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Dec. 11, 2018;115(50):12539-12543. [cited by applicant]
Hemminki et al., AD3-HTERT-E1A, a Fully Serotype 3 Oncolytic Adenovirus, in Patients With Chemotherapy Refractory Cancer, Molecular Therapy (Aug. 7, 2012), 20(9):1810-1830. [cited by applicant]
Hotte et al., An Optimized Clinincal Regimen for the Oncolyticvirus PV701, Clinical Cancer Research (Feb. 1, 2007), 13(3):977-985. [cited by applicant]
Nemunaitis et al., Intravenous Infusion of a Replication-Selective Adenovirus (ONYX-015) in Cancer Patients: Safety, Feasibility and Biological Activity, Gene Therapy (2001), 8:746-759. [cited by applicant]
Small et al., A Phase I Trial of Intravenous CG7870, a Replication-Selective, Protate-Specific Antigen-Targeted Oncolytic Adenovirus, for the Treatment of Hormone-Refractory, Metastatic Prostate Cancer, Molecular Therap… [cited by applicant]
European Patent Office, Opposition Division, Decision Revocation of the European Patent No. EP 3007711, Feb. 21, 2023, Munich, Germany. [cited by applicant]
European Patent Office, Opposition Division, Consolidated List of Cited Opposition Documents, European Patent No. EP 3007711, Dec. 1, 2022, Munich, Germany. [cited by applicant]
Fisicaro et al., Versatile Co-Expression of Graft-Protective Proteins Using 2A-Linked Cassettes, Xenotransplantation (2011), 18(2):121-130. [cited by applicant]
Riedmann, Human Vaccines: News, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (2012), 8(11):1550-1553. [cited by applicant]
Auerbach et al., Angiogenesis Assays; Problems and Pitfalls, Cancer and Metastasis Reviews (2000), 19:167-172. [cited by applicant]
Beans, Targeting Metastasis to Halt Cancer's Spread, PNAS (Dec. 11, 2018), 115(50):12539-12543. [cited by applicant]
Gravanis et al., TPA as a Therapeutic Target in Stroke, Expert Opin Ther Targets (Feb. 2008), 12(2):1-18. [cited by applicant]
Gura, Systems for Identifying New Drugs Are Often Faulty, Science (Nov. 7, 1997), 278:1041-1042. [cited by applicant]
Hait, Anticancer Drug Development: the Grand Challenges, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (Apr. 2010), 9:253-254. [cited by applicant]
Jain, Barriers to Drug Delivery in Solid Tumors, Scientific American (Jul. 1994), 58-65. [cited by applicant]
Sporn et al., Chemoprevention of Cancer, Carcinogenesis (2000), 21(3):525-530. [cited by applicant]
Tobias et al., Novel Primate-Crossreactive Bite Antibodies That Eliminate Cancer Cells Expressing CMET, IGFR-1, FAP-Alpha, PSCA, Endosialin, Caix or HER2/NEU, Proceedings of Annual Meeting of American Association for Ca… [cited by applicant]
Database WPI, Week 20287 Jan. 18, 2012, (See Also CN 102588327 of record). [cited by applicant]
Kuhn et al., Human Adenovirus B Strain COLOAD1, Complete Genome, Genbank (Aug. 17, 2006). [cited by applicant]
Brahimi et al., Highly Efficient Multicistronic Lentiviral Vectors With Peptide 2A Sequences, Human Gene Therapy 20 (Jun. 11, 2009). [cited by applicant]