Multilayer tape
Vibration damping viscoelastic damping material laminates are described. The tapes generally include at least two viscoelastic damping material layers and at least one substrate. The tapes may optionally include one or more release liners. Also described are constrained layer systems formed by adhering the tape to a first substrate and/or second substrate undergoing vibration.
1. A tape for damping, the tape comprising:
a substrate defining a first face and an oppositely directed second face;
a first layer of viscoelastic damping material at least partially disposed on the first face of the substrate; and
a second layer of viscoelastic damping material at least partially disposed on the second face of the substrate;
wherein the substrate has a thickness within a range of from about 5 μm to about 3,000 μm, and each of the viscoelastic damping material layers has a thickness within a range of from about 2 μm to about 5,000 μm;
wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of the viscoelastic damping material, each comprise a first surface and the second surface; and
wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material or the second layer of the viscoelastic damping material or both comprise a compositional gradient providing a gradual change in material properties from the first surface of the viscoelastic damping material to the second surface of the viscoelastic damping material;
wherein the first and second layers of viscoelastic damping material are at least one of continuous and substantially continuous; and
wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of viscoelastic damping material are each selected from the group consisting of elastomers, butyl rubber, styrenic block copolymer, polyurethanes, silicone rubbers, nitrile rubber, isoprene, butadiene, viscoelastic polymer gels, pressure sensitive adhesives, non-pressure sensitive adhesives, and combinations thereof.
2. The tape of claim 1 wherein the substrate has a range of room temperature Young's Modulus of about 1 GPa to about 1000 GPa.
3. The tape of claim 1 wherein the substrate has a range of room temperature Young's Modulus of about 20 GPa to about 500 GPa.
4. The tape of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil.
5. The tape of claim 4 wherein the metal foil is a ferrous foil.
6. The tape of claim 4 wherein the metal foil is a nonferrous-based foil.
7. The tape of claim 4 wherein the metal foil is a differential foil having a first region of a ferrous foil and a second region of a non-ferrous based foil.
8. The tape of claim 4 wherein the metal foil comprises aluminum.
9. The tape of claim 1 wherein the pressure sensitive adhesives comprise an acrylic adhesive, a silicone adhesive, a rubber adhesive, a vinyl ether adhesive, and combinations thereof.
10. The tape of claim 1 wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of viscoelastic damping material have the same chemical composition.
11. The tape of claim 1 wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of viscoelastic damping material have different chemical compositions.
12. The tape of claim 1 further comprising:
at least one release liner at least partially disposed on at least one of the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of viscoelastic damping material.
13. The tape of claim 1 further comprising:
a first release liner at least partially disposed on the first layer of viscoelastic damping material; and
a second release liner at least partially disposed on the second layer of viscoelastic damping material.
14. A constrained layer system comprising:
at least one of a first component and a second component undergoing vibration; and
a vibration damping tape comprising (i) a substrate defining a first face and an oppositely directed second face, (ii) a first layer of viscoelastic damping material at least partially disposed on the first face of the substrate, and (iii) a second layer of viscoelastic damping material at least partially disposed on the second face of the substrate,
wherein the substrate has a thickness within a range of from about 5 μm to about 3,000 μm, and each of the viscoelastic damping material layers has a thickness within a range of from about 2 μm to about 5,000 μm;
wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material is adhered to the first component;
wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of the viscoelastic damping material, each comprise a first surface and the second surface;
wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material or the second layer of the viscoelastic damping material or both comprise a compositional gradient providing a gradual change in material properties from the first surface of the viscoelastic damping material to the second surface of the viscoelastic damping material;
wherein the first and second layers of viscoelastic damping material are at least one of continuous and substantially continuous; and
wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of viscoelastic damping material are each selected from the group consisting of elastomers, butyl rubber, styrenic block copolymer, polyurethanes, silicone rubbers, nitrile rubber, isoprene, butadiene, viscoelastic polymer gels, pressure sensitive adhesives, non-pressure sensitive adhesives, and combinations thereof.
15. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate has a range of room temperature Young's Modulus of about 1 GPa to about 1000 GPa.
16. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate has a range of room temperature Young's Modulus of about 20 GPa to about 500 GPa.
17. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil.
18. The constrained layer system of claim 17 wherein the metal foil is a ferrous-based foil.
19. The constrained layer system of claim 17 wherein the metal foil is a nonferrous-based foil.
20. The constrained layer system of claim 17 wherein the metal foil is a differential foil having a first region of a ferrous composition and a second region of a nonferrous composition.
21. The constrained layer system of claim 17 wherein the metal foil comprises aluminum.
22. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the pressure sensitive adhesives comprise an acrylic adhesive, a silicone adhesive, a rubber adhesive, a vinyl ether adhesive, and combinations thereof.
23. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of viscoelastic damping material have the same chemical composition.
24. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material and the second layer of viscoelastic damping material have different chemical compositions.
25. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the first layer of viscoelastic damping material is adhered to the first component, the system further comprising:
the second layer of viscoelastic damping material is adhered to the second component.
26. The constrained layer system of claim 14 further comprising additional substrates.
27. The constrained layer system of claim 14 further comprising additional viscoelastic damping layers.
28. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the composite loss factor (CLF) is at least about 0.05 over a range of about 15° C. at about 200 Hz.
29. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the composite loss factor (CLF) is at least about 0.10 over a range of about 15° C. at about 200 Hz.
30. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the linear-density normalized damping efficiency index ( ) is greater than at least 2.0×103 at 200 Hz.
31. The constrained layer system of claim 14 wherein the linear-density normalized damping efficiency index ( ) is greater than at least 4.5×103 at 200 Hz.