Improving the properties in PMMA foams by using methacrylic amides
The present invention relates to novel PMMA foams and the production thereof. Here, polymers which have been obtained by copolymerization of methacrylamides such as N-isopropylmethacrylamide and without styrene are foamed. It has surprisingly been possible to establish that a stable, simple-to-produce PMMA foam which has very good properties, e.g. a very high compressive strength, and can be joined more simply to covering layers, especially in comparison with known PMMA foams, can be obtained according to the invention.
1. A process for producing a polymethacrylate foam, the process comprising:
polymerizing at least a portion of a composition at a temperature in a range of from 20° C. to 100° C., thereby producing a polymerized composition; and
foaming at least a portion of the polymerized composition at a temperature in a range of from 130° C. to 250° C.,
wherein the composition comprises an initiator in a range of from 0.2 to 2.0 wt. %; an unpolymerizable blowing agent in a range of from 0 to 20 wt. %; a chain-transfer agent in a range of from 0 to 5 wt. %; and a monomer mixture in a range of from 70 to 99.8% by weight,
wherein the monomer mixture consists of, optionally in at least partially polymerized form,
MMA in a range of from 70 to 95 wt. %,
alkyl acrylate(s) having 1 to 12 carbon atoms the alkyl radical in a range of from 0.1 to 5 wt. %,
alkyl methacrylate(s) having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical in a range from 0 to 10 wt. %,
a methacrylamide, an N-alkylmethacrylamide an N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide, or a mixture of two or more of any of these, in a range of from 0.5 to 10 wt. %,
crosslinker(s) in a range of from 0 to 10 wt. %,
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and/or itaconic acid in a range of from 0 to 10 wt. %, and
hydroxy functional alkyl (meth)acrylate(s) in a range of from 0 to 10 wt. %.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature in a range of from 30° C. to 70° C., and
the foaming is carried out at a temperature in a range of from 150° C. to 230° C.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker is at least one selected from the group consisting of a di(meth)acrylate, tri(meth)acrylate or tetra(meth)acrylate, allyl (meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, and triallyl isocyanurate.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl methacrylate comprises tert-butyl methacrylate and/or isopropyl methacrylate.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the monomer mixture contains from 5 to 10 wt. % of tert-butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and/or isopropyl acrylate,
wherein when the monomer mixture contains tert-butyl acrylate, it is present in a mixture with at least one of tert-butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, and/or isopropyl acrylate and the tert-butyl acrylate is present in an amount of no more than 5 wt. %, and
when the monomer mixture contains isopropyl acrylate, it is present in a mixture with at least one of tert-butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, and/or tert-butyl acrylate, and the isopropyl acrylate is present in an amount of no more than 5 wt. %, and
the composition does not comprise any uncopolymerizable blowing agent.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % of the initiator, from 0 to 15 wt. % of the unpolymerizable blowing agent, from 0 to 1 wt. % of the chain-transfer agent, and from 75 to 98.49 wt. % of the monomer mixture,
wherein the monomer mixture is present in a range of from 0 to 50 wt. % in at least partially polymerized form, and
wherein the monomer mixture contains
the MMA in a range of from 75 to 95 wt. %,
the alkyl acrylate comprising alkyl acrylate comprising 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, as an alkyl acrylate comprising from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, in a range of from 0.5 to 2.5 wt. %,
the alkyl methacrylate comprising from 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, as an alkyl methacrylate comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, in a range of from 0 to 5 wt. %,
the methacrylamide, N-alkylmethacrylamide, and/or N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide in a range of from 1 to 8 wt. %,
dimethacrylate or trimethacrylate in a range of from 0 to 5 wt. %, and
the acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and/or itaconic acid as the crosslinker(s) in a range of from 0 to 8 wt. %.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monomer mixture contains the N-alkylmethacrylamide,
wherein the N-alkylacrylamide has from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and
wherein no methacrylamide or N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide are present.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the methacrylamide is N-methylolmethacrylamide, 2 hydroxypropylmethacrylamide or N-isopropylmethacrylamide.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizing polymerizes the entire composition before the foaming step occurs.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizing polymerizes only a portion of the composition, and the foaming step comprises additional polymerization of the composition.
11. A PMMA foam, having a density in a range of from 50 to 350 kg/m 3 ,
wherein a solid part of the PMMA foam comprises at least 95% by weight of a polymer produced from a monomer mixture consisting of
MMA in a range of from 70 to 95 wt. %,
at least one alkyl acrylate comprising 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical in a range of from 0.1 to 5 wt. %,
at least one alkyl methacrylate comprising 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical in a range of from 0 to 10 wt. %,
an methacrylamide, an N-alkylmethacrylamide, and/or an N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide in a range of from 0.5 to 10 wt. %,
a crosslinker in a range of from 0 to 10 wt. %,
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and/or itaconic acid in a range of from 0 to 10 wt. %, and
a hydroxy-functional alkyl (meth)acrylate in a range of from 0 to 10 wt. %.
12. The foam of claim 11 , having a density in a range of from 75 to 250 kg/m 3 .
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monomer mixture is present to an extent of up to 80 wt. % in at least partially polymerized form at the beginning of the polymerizing.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monomer mixture is present to an extent of up to 70 wt. % in at least partially polymerized form at the beginning of the polymerizing.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the monomer mixture is present to an extent of up to 50 wt. % in at least partially polymerized form at the beginning of the polymerizing.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl acrylate(s) are a mixture of alkyl acrylates that includes tert-butyl acrylate and/or isopropyl acrylate.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl acrylate(s) is entirely tert-butyl acrylate and/or isopropyl acrylate.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl acrylate(s) is entirely tert-butyl acrylate.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl acrylate(s) is entirely isopropyl acrylate.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein the unpolymerizable blowing agent comprises tert-butanol, n-heptane, MTBE, methyl ethyl ketone, a C1-C4 alcohol, water, urea, methylal, or a mixture thereof.