Biologically mediated precipitation of carbonates for use in oilfield applications
A method of enhancing carbonate precipitation in a downhole environment comprises introducing into the downhole environment a treatment composition comprising: a carbonate producing agent comprising a microbe, an enzyme, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, and a substrate comprising N-oxyurea, semicarbazide, N,N-dioxyurea, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. An organic feedstock and a geobacter can also be used to treating a wellbore or a subterranean formation. Encapsulated carbonate producing agent such as encapsulated bacterial spores are used to form self-healing cemented structure in a downhole environment.
1. A method of enhancing carbonate precipitation in a downhole environment, the method comprising:
introducing into the downhole environment a treatment composition comprising:
a carbonate producing agent comprising a microbe, an enzyme, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, and
a substrate comprising N-oxyurea, semicarbazide, N,N-dioxyurea, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing;
hydrolyzing the substrate to produce carbon dioxide; and
reacting carbon dioxide with a cation source forming a carbonate precipitate, the cation source comprising ions of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Al, Tl, Pb, Bi, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing;
wherein the substrate further comprises greater than zero percent to less than 40 wt % of urea based on a total weight of the substrate; and
wherein the method has an improved carbonate precipitate yield as compared to a reference method where urea is used instead of the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbe is from a genus selected from Bacillus sp., Sporosarcina sp., Spoloactobacilus sp., Clostridium sp., Desulfotomaculum sp., or a combination thereof; and the enzyme comprises urease, amidase, carbonic anhydrase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment composition further comprises an enzyme stabilizer, a nutrient for the microbe, an aggregate, carbonic anhydrase, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment composition comprises the cation source, and the cation source comprises calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing a cementing operation, a zonal isolation operation, a diversion operation, a formation consolidation operation, a sand control operation, a gravel packing operation, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate further comprises greater than zero percent to less than 20 wt % or urea, based on the total weight of the substrate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein greater than about 70 wt % of the substrate is consumed in one or more reactions to produce the carbonate precipitate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein greater than about 80 wt % of the substrate is consumed in one or more reactions to produce the carbonate precipitate.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is present in an amount of about 5 mM to about 2 M in the treatment composition.