Ventilation mask
A nasal mask has exhalation scoop fixed adjacent a lower portion of mask, adapted to overlie an upper lip of a patient when the mask is worn. The mask includes ports for sampling flow of CO 2 expelled from the mouth and nose of the patient to the end-tidal CO 2 port, and a pressure-based flow resistor for balancing flow of CO 2 expelled from the mouth and the nose of the patient.
1. A nasal mask having an interior forming a nasal chamber, an end-tidal CO 2 port, and an exhalation scoop fixed adjacent a lower portion of the nasal mask and adapted to overlie an upper lip of a patient when the mask is worn, the exhalation scoop formed of a material that is flexible relative to a material of the nasal mask such that the exhalation scoop is adapted to be pressed away from a mouth of the patient or folded back on itself to permit access to the mouth of the patient, and the end-tidal CO2 port comprising a first opening located behind the exhalation scoop to overlie the upper lip of the patient for sampling exhaled CO2 expelled from the mouth of the patient, and a second opening located in the nasal chamber to underlie a nare of the patient for sampling exhaled CO2 expelled from a nose of the patient.
2. The nasal mask of claim 1 , wherein said end-tidal CO 2 port comprises an interface configured to connect with an interface connector.
3. The nasal mask of claim 1 , further comprising a ventilation port configured to connect with any of an anesthesia machine, a ventilation machine, and/or a hyperinflation bag.
4. The nasal mask of claim 1 , further comprising an oxygen port configured to connect with an oxygen source for supplying oxygen to an interior of the nasal mask.
5. The nasal mask of claim 1 , wherein the material of the exhalation scoop is formed of a material having a Shore OO Durometer Hardness of 0020 to 0050.
6. The nasal mask of claim 1 , wherein the material of the exhalation scoop is formed of a material having a Shore A Hardness selected from 2-10 or 3-7.
7. The nasal mask of claim 1 , wherein said second opening comprises a pressure-based flow resistor configured to maintain substantially constant sampling flow of CO 2 expelled from the mouth and nose of the patient to the end-tidal CO 2 port.
8. The nasal mask of claim 7 , wherein the pressure-based flow resistor comprises a manifold having two or more holes which communicate between a nasal chamber of the nasal mask and the end tidal CO 2 port.
9. The nasal mask of claim 1 , wherein said exhalation scoop includes an opening permitting access to the mouth of the patient when the mask is worn, and a flexible flap arranged on an inside surface of the scoop for closing off the opening of the exhalation scoop.
10. The nasal mask of claim 9 , wherein the opening of the exhalation scoop comprises an aperture or one or more slits.
11. A method for ventilating a patient, comprising:
providing a nasal mask having an interior forming a nasal chamber, an end-tidal CO 2 port, a ventilation port, and an exhalation scoop fixed adjacent a lower portion of the nasal mask and adapted to overlie an upper lip of the patient when the mask is worn, the exhalation scoop formed of a material that is flexible relative to a material of the nasal mask,
connecting the ventilation port to any of an anesthesia machine, a ventilation machine, and/or a hyperinflation bag,
moving the exhalation scoop away from a mouth of the patient to provide access to the patient's mouth, and
monitoring end-tidal CO 2 by sampling exhaled CO 2 expelled from the mouth of the patient into a first opening of the end-tidal CO2 port located behind the exhalation scoop to overlie the upper lip of the patient, and expelled from a nare of the patient into a second opening of the end-tidal CO2 port located in the nasal chamber to underlie the nare of the patient.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising maintaining substantially constant sampling flow of CO 2 expelled from the mouth and nose of the patient to an end-tidal CO2 port by a pressure-based flow resistor of said second opening.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pressure-based flow resistor maintains constant flow by varying resistance as a function of differential pressure, between the first opening and the second opening, Q BC , as defined by (PB−PC) 1/2 R BC , wherein Q BC is a volumetric nasal exhalation flow through the second opening, PB is the pressure at the second opening, PC is the pressure at node C, and R BC is the resistance from Node B to Node C.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising folding the scoop back on itself to provide access to the mouth of the patient.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising connecting an oxygen port of said nasal mask to an oxygen source for supplying oxygen to the nasal chamber of the nasal mask.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising connecting the end-tidal CO 2 port of the nasal mask to a gas sampling device.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising accessing the mouth of the patient through an opening of the exhalation scoop by moving a flexible flap arranged on an inside surface of the scoop for closing off the opening of the exhalation scoop.