Filled composites comprising glass and polyester fibers
Polyurethane composites having improved mechanical strength and linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) and methods of manufacturing are described herein. The composites can include (a) a polyurethane formed by the reaction of (i) one or more isocyanates selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, and mixtures thereof, and (ii) one or more polyols; (b) a filler in an amount of from greater than 50% to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyurethane composite, (c) from 0.25% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite, of glass fibers; and (d) from 0.025% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite, of polyester fibers. The polyester fibers can have an average aspect ratio of length to diameter of from 5:1 to 600:1. The LCTE (−40° C. to 70° C.) of the polyurethane composite can be 2.2×10-5/° C. or less.
1. A filled polyurethane composite, comprising:
(a) a polyurethane formed by the reaction of (i) one or more isocyanates selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, and mixtures thereof, and (ii) one or more polyols;
(b) from greater than 50% to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite, of a filler;
(c) from 0.25% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite, of glass fibers; and
(d) from 0.025% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite, of polyester fibers, wherein the polyester fibers have an average aspect ratio of length to diameter of from 5:1 to 600:1,
wherein the polyurethane composite has a linear coefficient of thermal expansion of 2.2×10 −5 /° C. or less, at a temperature ranging from −40° C. to 70° C.
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyester fibers have an average aspect ratio of length to diameter of from 10:1 to 50:1.
3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polyester fibers are ground polyester fibers.
4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the filler comprises fly ash.
5. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has a linear coefficient of thermal expansion of from 1.6×10 −5 /° C. to 2.2×10 −5 /° C., at a temperature ranging from −40° C. to 70° C.
6. A building product, comprising:
(a) a polyurethane formed by the reaction of (i) one or more isocyanates selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, and mixtures thereof, and (ii) one or more polyols;
(b) from greater than 50% to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the building product, of fly ash;
(c) 0.25% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the building product, of glass fibers, wherein the glass fibers have an average length of from 1.5 to 33 mm and an average diameter of from 5 to 55 microns; and
(d) 0.025% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the building product, of polyester fibers, wherein the polyester fibers have an average aspect ratio of length to diameter of from 5:1 to 50:1;
wherein the building product has a linear coefficient of thermal expansion of 2.2×10 −5 /° C. or less and a density of from 10 lb/ft 3 to 75 lb/ft 3 , at a temperature ranging from −40° C. to 70° C.
7. A method of making a polyurethane composite, comprising:
(a) mixing one or more isocyanates selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, and mixtures thereof, one or more polyols, a filler, glass fibers, and polyester fibers to produce a mixture,
wherein the filler is present in an amount from greater than 50% to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture,
wherein the polyester fibers are present in an amount from greater than 0.025% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture, and the polyester fibers have an average aspect ratio of length to diameter of from 5:1 to 600:1, and
wherein the glass fibers are present in an amount from greater than 0.25% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture,
(b) applying the mixture to a mold; and
(c) allowing the mixture to react and expand to form the polyurethane composite.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polyester fibers are present in an amount of from 0.05% to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polyester fibers have an average length of 15 mm or less.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the average diameter of the polyester fibers is 100 microns or less.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polyester fibers have an average aspect ratio of length to diameter of from 10:1 to 50:1.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polyesters have an average linear mass density of 9 denier or less.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polyester fibers are ground polyester fibers.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polyester fibers are coated with an agent selected from surfactants, bonding agents, pigments, coupling agents, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the glass fibers are present in an amount of from 0.5% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite.
16. The method of claim 7 , wherein the glass fibers have an average length of from 1.5 mm to 33 mm.
17. The method of claim 7 , wherein the glass fibers have an average diameter of from 5 microns to 55 microns.
18. The method of claim 7 , wherein the filler comprises fly ash.
19. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composite has a linear coefficient of expansion of from 1.6×10 −5 /° C. to 2.2×10 −5 /° C., at a temperature ranging from −40° C. to 70° C.
20. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composite has a density of from 10 lb/ft 3 to 75 lb/ft 3 .