Rail interior compliant thermoplastic composite
View Patent ↗Fire-retardant composites, methods of making fire-retardant composites, and use thereof are described. A fire-retardant composite can include at least two fire-retardant laminates, and a porous thermoplastic core material disposed between the at least two fire-retardant laminates. Each laminate can have one or more ply, each of the plies can include a plurality of fibers in a thermoplastic polymer matrix that includes a fire-retardant composition. The fire-retardant composite meets European fire-retardant standards for rail transportation.
1. A fire-retardant composite comprising:
(a) a porous core material comprising a first thermoplastic polymer comprising polyethylene terephthalate, a fire-retardant polypropylene, a polycarbonate, a polyimide, a polyethersulfone, a polyurethane, or a poly(phenylene ether)/styrene blend, or a blend thereof;
(b) a first fire-retardant laminate disposed on a first side of the porous core, the first fire-retardant laminate comprising at least one ply, the ply comprising:
(i) at least 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, of a second thermoplastic polymer comprising a polypropylene, a polycarbonate, or a polyimide, or a blend thereof;
(ii) 4 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, a fire-retardant composition comprising a metal oxide and a nitrogen-phosphorous compound;
(iii) 50 to 80 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, of fibers; and
(iv) 0.01 to 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, of a coupling agent;
(c) a second laminate disposed on a side opposite the first side of the core, wherein the second laminate is the same or different than the first fire-retardant laminate; and
(d) at least one adherent layer contacting at least a portion of the surface of the porous core material and at least a portion of the surface of at least one of the laminates;
wherein the fire-retardant composite has a four minute smoke density, D s , of less than about 300 as measured by ISO 5659-2 on a 75×75×18 mm thick composite.
2. The fire retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the second thermoplastic polymer is polypropylene.
3. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is zinc oxide.
4. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the fire-retardant composition further comprises a nitrogen-phosphorous compound selected from the group consisting of melamine pyrophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, and mixtures thereof.
5. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride polyethylene, and mixtures thereof.
6. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the adherent layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, polypropylene, polypropylene-polyethylene terephthalate blends, acrylics, nitriles, silicone rubbers, styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymers, or a combination thereof.
7. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the first thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polyethersulfone, a polyurethane, or a poly(phenylene ether)/styrene blend, or a blend.
8. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, steel fibers or combinations thereof, and the fibers have an average diameter of 3 to 30 microns.
9. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has an average thickness between 1 mm and 100 mm.
10. The fire-retardant composite of claim 1 , wherein, the second laminate is the same as the first fire-retardant laminate.
11. A fire-retardant composite comprising
(a) a porous core comprising a polyethylene terephthalate foam;
(b) a first fire-retardant laminate disposed on a first side of the porous core, the first fire-retardant laminate comprising one or more plies, at least one ply comprising:
(i) at least 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, of polypropylene;
(ii) 4 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, of a fire-retardant composition comprising zinc oxide and piperazine pyrophosphate;
(iii) 50 to 80 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, of glass fibers; and
(iv) 0.01 to 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ply, of a coupling agent;
(c) optionally, a second laminate disposed on a side opposite the first side of the core, wherein the second laminate is the same or different than the first fire-retardant laminate; and
(d) at least one adherent layer between the first fire-retardant laminate and the core, the optional second laminate and the core, or both.
12. The fire-retardant composite of claim 11 , wherein the fire-retardant composite has a four minute smoke density, D s , of less than about 300 as measured by ISO 5659-2 on a 75×75×18 mm thick composite, and a maximum average heat release (MAHRE) of equal to or less than 90 kW/m 2 measured according to ISO 5660-1:2015 on a 100 mm×100 mm×18 mm thick composite at 25 kW/m2.