System and method for transferring optical signals in photonic devices and method of making the system
Embodiments of the disclosure pertain to a system for transferring an optical signal from one photonics chip or integrated circuit (PIC) to another. The system includes a first PIC having (i) an optical emitter or optical transmission mechanism and (ii) a focusing mirror thereon, and a second PIC having an optical receiver and a reflecting mirror thereon. The reflecting mirror is configured to reflect light transmitted by the optical emitter or optical transmission mechanism back to the first PIC. The focusing mirror is configured to (i) further reflect the light reflected by the reflecting mirror and (ii) focus the further reflected light on the optical receiver. Methods of using and manufacturing the system are also disclosed.
1. A system, comprising:
a first photonics chip or integrated circuit (IC) having an optical transmission mechanism thereon, the optical transmission mechanism comprising (i) a first waveguide and (ii) a first grating coupler, wherein:
the first waveguide is configured to carry an optical signal and is optically coupled to the grating coupler,
the first waveguide comprises an n-doped layer, a p-doped layer, and an overlying dielectric layer,
the n-doped layer and the p-doped layer form a p-n junction, and
the first waveguide has a height of from 100 nm to 1000 nm and a width of from 200 nm to 10,000 nm;
a second photonics chip or IC having an optical receiver thereon, the optical receiver comprising (i) a photodiode, (ii) a photosensor, or (iii) a second waveguide and either (1) a second grating coupler or (2) a reflective surface, the second waveguide having a height of from 100 nm to 1000 nm and a width of from 200 nm to 10,000 nm;
a reflecting mirror on the second photonics chip or IC, configured to reflect the optical signal back to the first photonics chip or IC; and
a focusing mirror on the first photonics chip or IC, configured to (i) further reflect the optical signal and (ii) focus the further reflected optical signal on the optical receiver.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first photonics chip or IC further comprises a laser diode.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical receiver comprises the photodiode.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical receiver comprises the second grating coupler and the second waveguide.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the second waveguide is (i) optically coupled to the second grating coupler or the reflective surface and (ii) configured to carry the optical signal.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the focusing mirror and the reflecting mirror comprises a concave depression or indentation in the respective first and second photonics chips or ICs.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second photonics chips or ICs comprise a monolithic silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, cadmium selenide, or other Group IV, Group III-V, or Group II-VI semiconductor substrate, with one or more epitaxial, monocrystalline or polycrystalline Group IV, Group or Group II-VI semiconductor layers or thin films thereon, patterned and/or doped in a manner providing one or more waveguides thereon or therein.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first grating coupler comprises a plurality or series of periodic notches, troughs, depressions or projections in the first waveguide.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the width of each of the first and second waveguides is independently from 200 nm to 5000 nm.
10. A method of transferring light, comprising:
emitting or transmitting light from an optical transmission mechanism on a first photonics chip or integrated circuit (IC), the optical transmission mechanism comprising (i) a first waveguide and (ii) a first grating coupler, wherein:
the first waveguide is configured to carry an optical signal and is optically coupled to the grating coupler,
the first waveguide comprises an n-doped layer, a p-doped layer, and an overlying dielectric laver,
the n-doped layer and the p-doped layer form a p-n junction, and
the first waveguide has a height of from 100 nm to 1000 nm and a width of from 200 nm to 10,000 nm;
using a reflecting mirror on a second photonics chip or reflecting the optical signal back to the first photonics chip or IC;
using a focusing mirror on the first photonics chip or IC, further reflecting the optical signal to and focusing the reflected optical signal on an optical receiver on the second photonics chip or IC, the optical receiver comprising (i) a photodiode, (ii) a photosensor, or (iii) a second waveguide and either (1) a second grating coupler or (2) a reflective surface, the second waveguide having a height of from 100 nm to 1000 nm and a width of from 200 nm to 10,000 nm; and
receiving the further reflected and focused optical signal at the optical receiver.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising carrying the optical signal in the first waveguide in the first photonics chip or IC before transmitting the light from the optical transmission mechanism.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising carrying the optical signal in the second waveguide in the second photonics chip or IC after receiving the optical signal at the optical receiver.
13. A method of manufacturing a light transfer system, comprising:
forming or making or an optical transmission mechanism and a focusing mirror on a first photonics chip or integrated circuit (IC), the optical transmission mechanism comprising (i) a first waveguide and (ii) a first grating coupler, wherein:
the first waveguide is configured to cam an optical signal and is optically, coupled to the grating coupler,
the first waveguide comprises an n-doped laver, a p-doped laver, and an overlying dielectric layer,
the n-doped layer and the p-doped layer form a p-n junction, and
the first waveguide having a height of from 100 nm to 1000 nm and a width of from 200 nm to 10,000 nm;
forming or making an optical receiver and a reflecting mirror on a second photonics chip or IC, the optical receiver comprising (i) a photodiode, (ii) a photosensor, or (iii) a second waveguide and either (1) a second grating coupler or (2) a second reflective surface, the second waveguide having a height of from 100 nm to 1000 nm and a width of from 200 nm to 10,000 nm; and
positioning the first photonics chip or IC and the second photonics chip or IC such that the optical signal is (i) reflected by the reflecting mirror towards a first target on the first photonics chip or IC, (ii) further reflected and focused by the focusing mirror, and (iii) received by or at the optical receiver.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first target is the focusing mirror, and the focusing mirror directs the light to the optical receiver.
15. The method of claim 13 , comprising forming the second waveguide in the second photonics chip or IC.