Intraluminal imaging devices with a reduced number of signal channels
An imaging assembly for an intraluminal imaging device is provided. In one embodiment, the imaging assembly includes an imaging array positioned at a distal portion of the intraluminal imaging device. The imaging array may have a plurality of imaging elements arranged into subarrays. The imaging assembly also may include a micro-beam-former integrated circuit (IC) coupled to the imaging array at the distal portion of the intraluminal imaging device. The micro-beam-former IC includes a plurality of microchannels that may separately beam-form signals received from imaging elements of at least two subarrays. The imaging assembly further includes two or more signal lines that may couple to the micro beam-former IC. Each signal line may correspond to a specific subarray and may receive the beam-formed signals specific to corresponding subarray.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
an intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) catheter comprising:
a flexible elongate member sized and shaped to be advanced through a blood vessel;
an imaging assembly comprising:
an imaging array positioned at a distal portion of the flexible elongate member,
wherein the imaging array comprises a plurality of imaging elements,
wherein a quantity of the plurality of imaging elements comprises more than 800 imaging elements and less than 1000 imaging elements,
wherein the plurality of imaging elements is arranged into a plurality of subarrays,
wherein a subarray of the plurality of subarrays comprises a subset of the plurality of imaging elements;
a micro-beam-former integrated circuit (IC) positioned at the distal portion of the flexible elongate member and proximate to the imaging array,
wherein the micro-beam-former IC is configured to separately beam-form signals received from each subarray of the plurality of subarrays; and
a plurality of coaxial cables coupled to the micro-beam-former IC and comprising
a plurality of signal lines, at least one power line, and at least one control line,
wherein a total quantity of the plurality of coaxial cables for the ICE catheter comprises more than 16 coaxial cables and less than 30 coaxial cables,
wherein each signal line of the plurality of signal lines is configured to carry the beam-formed signals respectively associated with one subarray of the plurality of subarrays from the imaging assembly to a processor coupled to a proximal end of the ICE catheter,
wherein a quantity of the plurality of signal lines is less than the quantity of the plurality of imaging elements such that the plurality of coaxial cables extends within the flexible elongate member while the flexible elongate member is advanced through the blood vessel.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the beam-formed signals comprise delayed signals carried by the plurality of coaxial cables from the micro-beam-former IC to the processor.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein the plurality of imaging elements are ultrasound transducers mounted to the micro-beam-former IC, and
wherein the plurality of imaging elements are disposed on top of the micro-beam-former IC in a flip chip arrangement.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the imaging array is a two dimensional array.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one power line is configured for feeding power to at least one of the micro-beam-former IC or the imaging array.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the at least one control line is configured for communicating control signals from the processor to the micro-beam-former IC.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to produce 2D and 3D images using the beam-formed signals.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of coaxial cables is directly coupled to the micro-beam-former IC.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an interposer coupled to the micro-beam-former IC, wherein the plurality of coaxial cables is directly coupled to the interposer.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the interposer is wire bonded to the micro-beam-former IC.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the imaging array is directly mounted to a top of the micro-beam-former IC in a flip chip arrangement.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the micro-beam-former IC is configured to activate each of the plurality of imaging elements.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein the micro-beam-former IC comprises a plurality of microchannels associated with the subarray,
wherein each microchannel of the plurality of microchannels is associated with one imaging element of the plurality of imaging elements,
wherein each microchannel is configured to separately beam-form the signals received from the associated one imaging element,
wherein the microchannel comprises a delay element that imposes a predetermined time delay upon the signals such that each subarray is respectively associated with a plurality of delay elements.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the delay element is an analog delay element.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the delay element is a charge coupled device.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the delay element is an analog random access memory (RAM).
17. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the delay element is a tapped analog delay line.
18. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the delay element comprises a plurality of repeated analog delay elements.
19. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the predetermined time delay (t) imposed upon the signals returning from the imaging element is described by:
τ= d sin θ/ν
wherein d is a maximum dimension of the subarray, θ is a maximum beam steering angle, and ν is a speed of sound in an object being imaged.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein an entirety of the imaging assembly is fit inside a 3 mm outer diameter, and
wherein the flexible elongate member comprises the 3 mm outer diameter.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the total quantity of the plurality of coaxial cables comprises 20 coaxial cables.