Cysteine modified antibody-drug conjugate and preparation method thereof
By inserting cysteine (C) into a heavy chain and/or a light chain of a target antibody at specific insertion site, and performing a site-specific conjugation through a free thiol group (—SH) from the site-specific inserted cysteine and a linker conjugated with a highly potent small molecule cytotoxin, a cysteine modified antibody-drug conjugate with good homogeneity is provided. The specific insertion sites of cysteine are position 205 and/or position 206 (Kabat numbering scheme) of the light chain of the antibody, and/or position 439 (Kabat numbering scheme) of the heavy chain.
1. A cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate,
comprising an antibody and a cytotoxin, wherein the antibody comprises an inserted cysteine at a cysteine insertion site such that the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence GLSSPCVTKSF (SEQ ID NO: 13), a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence GLSSPVCTKSF (SEQ ID NO: 14), or a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence TQKSLSCLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 15), and wherein C is the inserted cysteine, wherein the inserted cysteine comprises a thiol group, w herein the cytotoxin is conjugated to the thiol group through a linker.
2. The cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate of claim 1 , w herein the antibody comprises a light chain, w herein the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
3. The cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the antibody comprises a light chain, wherein the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14.
4. The cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
5. The cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the cytotoxin is selected from Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), Monomethyl Auristatin F (MMAF), Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBD), antineoplastic drug SN-38, Doxycycline (Dox), or a derivative thereof, wherein the formulae of MMAE, MMAF, PBD, SN-38 and Dox are respectively:
6. A method for preparing the cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate of claim 1 , comprising,
reducing the antibody with a reducing agent to provide a reduced antibody,
wherein the antibody comprises the inserted cysteine having a shielded thiol group, wherein the shielded thiol group comprises a shielding group coupled to the thiol group on the inserted cysteine,
wherein the reducing the antibody with a reducing agent comprises removing the shielding group from the shielded thiol group to provide the reduced antibody having a free thiol group on the inserted cysteine and a decoupled shielding group, and
wherein the decoupled shielding group and the reducing agent are removed through cation exchange chromatography or ultrafiltration, and
oxidizing the reduced antibody to reconnect inter-chain disulfide bonds to provide an oxidized antibody,
contacting mc-vc-PAB-payload comprising a cytotoxin moiety with the oxidized antibody to conjugate the free thiol group on the inserted cysteine with the cytotoxin moiety to provide the cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate, and
removing the unconjugated mc-vc-PAB-payload by cation exchange chromatography or ultrafiltration.
7. The cysteine modified antibody-cytotoxin conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the cytotoxin and the antibody has a ratio of 1.6 to 2.