Induced cell morphology electroporation
Described herein are methods of electroporation that can include the steps of contacting a cell that is responsive to an EphA2 receptor ligand with an amount of an EphA2 receptor ligand and applying high-frequency irreversible electroporation to the cell. Also described herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, wherein the methods can include the steps of administering an amount of an EphA2 receptor ligand and applying high-frequency irreversible electroporation to a location on or within the subject.
1. A method of enhancing electroporation comprising:
inducing a targeted morphology change in one or more target cells expressing an EphA2 receptor by contacting the one or more target cells with an amount of an EphA2 receptor ligand, wherein the targeted morphology change is a reduction in cytoplasmic size thereby generating an increase in the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasmic size (NCR), and wherein the EphA2 receptor ligand is effective to induce the targeted morphology change; and
applying, to cells in the plurality of cells expressing the EphA2 receptor ligand and having an increased NCR after contacting the cell, a high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) pulse train.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the H-FIRE pulse train comprises:
one or more bursts of bipolar electric pulses, wherein each burst comprises
two or more electric waveform pulses that alternate polarity with each successive electrical waveform pulse,
wherein each electric waveform pulse is separated by a delay between each successive electric waveform pulse, and
wherein each electric waveform pulse comprises a carrier frequency in the range of about 1 kHz to about 1 MHz.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein 1 or 2 bursts are delivered every second.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein each electric waveform pulse is a square wave.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the delay between each successive electric waveform pulse ranges from about 0.5 μs to about 10 μs.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the delay between each successive electric waveform pulse is about 5 μs.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein each electric waveform pulse is applied for about 250 ns to about 2 μs.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein each electric waveform pulse is applied for about 1 μs.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein in the carrier frequency is about 200 kHz.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein an output voltage of the H-FIRE pulse train ranges from about 500 V to about 5000 V.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein an output voltage of the H-FIRE pulse train results in a voltage-to-distance ratio of about 2000 V/cm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more target cells over express a EphA2 receptor as compared to a normal cell.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more target cells are one or more cancer cells.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more target cells are one or more malignant cancer cells.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more target cells are one or more breast cancer cells, one or more melanoma cells, one or more ovarian cancer cells, one or more lung cancer cells, one or more glioma cells, one or more bladder cancer cells, one or more prostate cancer cells, one or more esophageal cancer cells, one or more renal cancer cells, one or more colon cancer cells, one or more pancreatic cancer cells, or one or more vulvar cancer cells.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EphA2 receptor ligand is an ephrin.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EphA2 receptor ligand is ephrin A1.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more target cells are in a subject.
19. A method of selectively ablating one or more target cells responsive to an EphA2 receptor ligand in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
administering to the subject an amount of an EphA2 receptor ligand thereby inducing a targeted morphology change in one or more target cells expressing an EphA2 receptor, wherein the targeted morphology change is a reduction in cytoplasmic size thereby generating an increase in the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasmic size (NCR), and wherein the EphA2 receptor ligand is effective to induce the targeted morphology change; and
applying a high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) pulse train to a location on or within the subject after administering the amount of the EphA1 receptor ligand.