Catalytic articles
Catalytic articles comprising a substrate having a catalytic coating thereon, the catalytic coating comprising a catalytic layer having a thickness and an inner surface proximate to the substrate and an outer surface distal to the substrate; where the catalytic layer comprises a noble metal component on support particles and where the concentration of the noble metal component towards the outer surface is greater than the concentration towards the inner surface are highly effective towards treating exhaust gas streams of internal combustion engines. The articles are prepared via a method comprising providing a first mixture comprising micron-scaled support particles and applying the first mixture to a substrate to form a micro-particle layer; providing a second mixture comprising nano-scaled support particles and a noble metal component having an initial pH and applying the second mixture to the micro-particle layer and calcining the substrate.
1. A catalytic article comprising:
a substrate having a catalytic coating thereon, the catalytic coating comprising:
a catalytic layer having a thickness, an inner surface proximate to the substrate, and an outer surface distal to the substrate,
wherein the catalytic layer comprises a noble metal component on support particles, and wherein the concentration of the noble metal component towards the outer surface is greater than the concentration towards the inner surface,
wherein the catalytic layer comprises support particles having a bimodal particle size distribution comprising micron-scaled particles and nano-scaled particles.
2. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein at least 50 wt % of the noble metal component resides in the outer one fifth of the thickness of the catalytic layer.
3. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein at least 70 wt % of the noble metal component resides in the outer one half of the thickness of the catalytic layer.
4. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein ≥80 wt % of the noble metal resides in the outer 20% of the thickness of the catalytic layer.
5. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is palladium or platinum.
6. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the support particles comprise a refractory metal oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, manganese oxide, zirconia-alumina, ceria-zirconia, ceria-alumina, lanthana-alumina, baria-alumina, silica, silica-alumina and combinations thereof.
7. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the support particles comprise oxides of cerium, zirconium, neodymium, praseodymia, lanthanum, yttrium or combinations thereof.
8. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic layer comprises ceria, alumina and zirconia.
9. A catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is present from about 5 g/ft 3 to about 100 g/ft 3 , based on the volume of the substrate.
10. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising a catalytic article according to claim 1 in fluid communication with and downstream of an internal combustion engine.
11. The catalytic article according to claim 1 , wherein the micron-scaled particles have an average particle size from about 1 micron to about 50 microns, and wherein the nano-scaled particles have an average particle size of from about 1 nm to about 900 nm.
12. The catalytic article according to claim 11 , wherein the nano-scaled particles have an average particle size of from about 50 nm to about 900 nm.
13. The catalytic article according to claim 11 , wherein the micron-scaled particles have an average particle size from about 5 microns to about 30 microns.
14. The catalytic article according to claim 11 , wherein the micron-scaled particles have an average particle size from about 10 microns to about 20 microns.
15. The catalytic article according to claim 11 , wherein the micron-scaled particles have an average particle size of about 14 microns.