Crystalline polycarbonate powders for powder bed fusion in additive manufacturing
Provided are compositions comprising partially crystalline polycarbonate particulate having an average cross-sectional dimension of from about 1 μιη to about 200 μιτι, having from about 10% crystallinity to about 50% crystallinity, and having a weight-average molecular weight, per polystyrene standards, of from about 17,000 to about 40,000 Daltons. The composition exhibits a zero-shear viscosity of less than about 104 Pa s at the melting temperature of the partially crystalline polycarbonate. Related systems and methods for utilizing these compositions in additive manufacturing applications, including selective laser sintering (SLS) applications, are also disclosed. Also provided are additively-manufactured articles made with the disclosed compositions and according to the disclosed methods.
1. A composition, comprising a partially crystalline polycarbonate particulate comprising:
a. a D10 particle size of from 1 micrometer (μm) to 45 μm;
b. a D50 particle size of from greater than 45 μm to 80 μm;
c. a D90 particle size of from greater than 80 μm to 125 μm;
d. an average cross-sectional dimension of from 1 μm to 200 μm; and
e. from 10% crystallinity to 50% crystallinity,
wherein
the at least partially crystalline polycarbonate has a weight-average molecular weight, per polystyrene standards, of from 17,000 to 44,000 Daltons, and
the composition exhibits a zero-shear viscosity of less than 10 4 Pa·s at the melting temperature of the partially crystalline polycarbonate.
2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a flow promoter.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the flow promoter is present at from 0.025 wt % to 0.5 wt % as measured against the weight of the composition.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the flow promoter comprises silica, alumina, or any combination thereof.
5. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the average cross-sectional dimension is from to 10 μm 150 μm.
6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a radiation absorbing material having a λmax for absorption of from 200 to 2500 nm.
7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a colorant or pigment wherein the colorant or pigment is contained within the at least a portion of the polycarbonate particles, external to the polycarbonate particles or both.
8. A powder for selective laser sintering comprising the composition of claim 1 .
9. A method, comprising:
a. depositing a first layer of a composition according to claim 1 at a working area;
b. irradiating at least a selected portion of the first layer;
c. depositing at least a second layer of the composition at the selected portion of the first layer so as to fuse together at least some of the particulates in the selected portion with the second layer,
wherein the irradiating the selected portion of the first layer heats at least the selected portion to the melting onset temperature of the composition, and
wherein the irradiating is effected such that the composition attains a zero shear viscosity of 10 4 Pa·s or less.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the irradiating is effected by a laser sintering process or by electromagnetic radiation in the presence of an infrared absorber.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the composition further comprises a radiation absorbing material having a λmax of from 200 to 2500 nm.
12. An additively-manufactured article manufactured according to the method of claim 9 .
13. The additively-manufactured article of claim 12 , wherein the article is additively manufactured in the z-direction, and wherein at least one of the article's tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, or Charpy notched Izod impact characteristics, as measured in the z-direction, is within 50% of the corresponding characteristic in a corresponding article additively-manufactured in the x or y direction.
14. An article formed from the composition of claim 1 , wherein the article has a density of within from 2% to 4% the density of an injection-molded article formed from a corresponding amorphous polycarbonate.