Process for the recovery of furfural
Disclosed is a process for the extraction of furfural. The process includes subjecting a composition comprising furfural, water, at least one acid and an aromatic solvent, with a boiling point higher than that of furfural, to a first separation step in a first liquid-liquid separator providing a first organic phase and a first aqueous phase; conveying the first organic phase along a first line to a distillation column and subjecting the first organic phase to a distillation step providing a top stream comprising furfural and a bottom stream comprising the aromatic solvent; subjecting the first aqueous phase and a portion of the bottom stream to a second separation step providing a second organic phase; conveying the second organic phase along a second line which either feeds its contents into the first line or into the distillation column and subjecting the resultant mixture to said distillation step.
1. A process for the extraction of furfural from a composition ( 1 ) comprising an aromatic solvent and a dehydration reaction mixture comprising furfural, water, and at least one acid, wherein the aromatic solvent has a boiling point higher than that of furfural, said process comprising:
(a) subjecting the composition ( 1 ) to a first liquid-liquid separation step in a first liquid-liquid separator ( 6 ) to provide:
a first organic phase ( 7 ) comprising the aromatic solvent and a portion of the furfural, and
a first aqueous phase ( 8 ) comprising the remainder of the furfural and the at least one acid;
(b) conveying the first organic phase ( 7 ) from step (a) along a first line ( 12 ) to a distillation column ( 9 ) and subjecting the first organic phase ( 7 ) to a distillation step to provide:
a top stream ( 2 ) comprising furfural, and
a bottom stream ( 3 ) comprising the aromatic solvent;
(c) conveying the first aqueous phase ( 8 ) from step (a) and a portion of the bottom stream ( 4 ) from step (b) to a second liquid-liquid separator ( 10 ), and subjecting the first aqueous phase ( 8 ) from step (a) and the portion of the bottom stream ( 4 ) from step (b) to an extraction step to provide:
a second organic phase ( 11 ) comprising the aromatic solvent and a portion of the furfural, and an aqueous waste stream ( 5 ) comprising water and the at least one
acid;
(d) conveying the second organic phase ( 11 ) from step (c) along a second line ( 14 ) which either feeds its contents into the first line ( 12 ) or into the distillation column ( 9 ) and subjecting the resultant mixture to the distillation step of step (b),
wherein the dehydration reaction mixture to aromatic solvent ratio is from at least 1 to 0.05% vol to at most 1 to 2.5% vol.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition ( 1 ) is derived from a product stream of a pentose dehydration step wherein a pentose feed stream is dehydrated.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the pentose feed stream is derived from a hydrolysis step wherein a lignocellulosic biomass is hydrolysed.
4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein a portion of the bottom stream ( 3 ) of step (b) comprising the aromatic solvent is recycled as a feed to the pentose dehydration step.
5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the aqueous waste stream ( 5 ) of step (c) comprising water and the at least one acid is recycled as a feed to the hydrolysis step.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic solvent has a ratio of aromatic carbons to aliphatic carbons of greater than 1.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-2,5-dimethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-3,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, n- and sec-propyl-methyl benzenes, n- and sec-butyl benzene and n- and sec-pentyl benzene, or any combination thereof.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the distillation step is an atmospheric distillation step, or is a vacuum distillation step.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first liquid-liquid separation step is operated at a temperature range of from ambient temperature to 200° C.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second liquid-liquid separation step is operated at a temperature range of from ambient temperature to 120° C.