Process for the recovery of furfural
A process for the extraction of furfural from a composition comprising furfural, water, at least one organic acid and an oxygenate solvent with a boiling point higher than that of furfural. The process includes: (a) subjecting the composition to a first liquid-liquid separation step to provide: (i) an organic phase; (b) subjecting the organic phase of step (a) to a first distillation step to provide: (i) a first top stream; (c) subjecting the first top stream of step (b) to a second liquid-liquid separation step to provide: (i) a second top stream; and (d) subjecting the second top stream of step (c) to a second distillation step to provide: (i) a third top stream comprising a furfural-water azeotrope, and (ii) a third bottom stream comprising furfural.
1. A process for the extraction of furfural from a composition comprising furfural, water, at least one organic acid and an oxygenate solvent with a boiling point higher than that of furfural, said process comprising:
(a) subjecting the composition to a first liquid-liquid separation step to provide:
an organic phase comprising the oxygenate solvent, furfural, and a portion of the at least one organic acid; and
an aqueous phase comprising the remainder of the at least one organic acid;
(b) subjecting the organic phase of step (a) to a first distillation step to provide:
a first top stream comprising furfural, and a portion of at least one organic acid; and
a first bottom stream comprising the oxygenate solvent;
(c) subjecting the first top stream of step (b) to a second liquid-liquid separation step to provide:
a second top stream comprising a portion of the furfural and a portion of at least one organic acid; and
a second bottom stream comprising a portion of the furfural and a portion of the at least one organic acid;
(d) subjecting the second top stream of step (c) to a second distillation step to provide:
a third top stream comprising a furfural-water azeotrope; and
a third bottom stream comprising furfural; and
(e) subjecting the second bottom stream to a third distillation step to provide:
a fourth top stream comprising a portion of the furfural which is recycled back to feed the second liquid-liquid separation step, and
a fourth bottom stream comprising water and the at least one organic acid.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is derived from a product stream of a pentose dehydration step wherein a pentose feed stream is dehydrated.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the pentose feed stream is derived from the hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate solvent is selected from the group consisting of: propyl guaiacol; propyl syringol; guaiacyl propanol, syringyl propanol; nonyl phenol; o-, m-, p-substituted cresols; guaiacol; 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol; eugenol; 2,6-xylenol; sec-butyl phenol; 2,5-xylenol; and any combination thereof.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a portion of the first bottom stream of step (b) comprising the oxygenate solvent is recycled into the first liquid-liquid separation step.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a portion of the third top stream from step (d) comprising the furfural-water azeotrope is recycled back to feed either the first distillation step or the first liquid-liquid separator.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second bottom stream of step (c) comprising a portion of the furfural and a portion of the at least one organic acid is recycled back to feed the first liquid-liquid separator.