Isotopically modified components and therapeutic uses thereof
Methods are provided of identifying a subject having impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase activity; and administering to the subject a compound comprising an isotopically-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid, an isotopically-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, an isotopically-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid thioester, an isotopically-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid amide, a polyunsaturated fatty acid mimetic, or an isotopically-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid pro-drug, the compound having an isotopic modification that reduces oxidation of the compound, thereby reducing production in the subject of substrate for aldehyde dehydrogenase. Some aspects provide coadministering an isotopically-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid and an oxylipin.
1. A method of treating, inhibiting the progression of, or ameliorating Alzheimer's disease in a patient diagnosed with impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activity, comprising:
administering to the subject patient an effective amount of a compound comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, a polyunsaturated fatty acid thioester, or a polyunsaturated fatty acid amide,
wherein the polyunsaturated fatty acid, the polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, the polyunsaturated fatty acid thioester, or the polyunsaturated fatty acid amide is deuterated at one or more bis-allylic positions.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyunsaturated fatty acid ester is an ethyl ester, triglyceride, diglyceride, or monoglyceride.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is deuterated at one or more bis-allylic positions and wherein the compound is a ω-3 or ω-6 fatty acid, ω-3 or ω-6 fatty acid ester, ω-3 or ω-6 fatty acid amide, ω-3 or ω-6 fatty acid thioester, or prodrug thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the compound is a linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or their ester, amide, or thioester thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises between about 1% and 100% of the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acid esters administered to or ingested by the patient.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the amount of the compound is greater than 5% of the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acid esters administered to or ingested by the patient.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 11,11-D2-linolenic acid, 14,14-D2-linolenic acid, 11,11,14,14-D4-linolenic acid, 11,11-D2-linoleic acid, 14,14-D2-linoleic acid, 11,11,14,14-D4-linoleic acid, deuterated alpha linolenic acid, deuterated gamma linolenic acid, deuterated dihomo gamma linolenic acid, deuterated arachidonic acid, deuterated docosatetraenoic acid, deuterated eicosapentaenoic acid, or deuterated docosahexaenoic acid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered with an antioxidant.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the antioxidant is Coenzyme Q, idebenone, mitoquinone, mitoquinol, vitamin E, vitamin C, or any combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered with one or more oxylipin.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the oxylipin is a prostaglandin.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Alzheimer's disease is associated with a mutated form of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises 11,11, D2-linolenic acid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises 14,14, D2-linolenic acid.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises 11,11,14,14, D4-linolenic acid.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises 11,11, D2-linoleic acid.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises 14,14, D2-linoleic acid.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises 11,11,14,14, D4-linoleic acid.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises deuterated alpha linolenic acid.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises deuterated arachidonic acid.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises deuterated eicosapentaenoic acid.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises deuterated docosahexanenoic acid.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient diagnosed with impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activity is identified as having the E487K variant of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method includes diagnosing the patient diagnosed with impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activity as having an aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene mutation or deletion.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyunsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, polyunsaturated fatty acid thioester, or polyunsaturated fatty acid amide is further deuterated at one or more pro-bis-allylic positions.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the method further includes diagnosing the patient diagnosed with impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activity as having the heterozygous ALDH2*1/2*2 genotype.
27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the method further includes diagnosing the patient diagnosed with impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activity as having the heterozygous ALDH2*2/2*2 genotype.