Ocular-performance-based head impact measurement using a faceguard

1. A faceguard wherein:

the faceguard is configured for attachment in front of the face of a human;

the faceguard is configured for measuring a human ocular performance characteristic selected from the group of:

vestibulo-ocular reflex;

ocular saccades;

pupillometry;

pursuit tracking during visual pursuit;

vergence;

eye closure;

focused position of the eyes;

dynamic visual acuity;

kinetic visual acuity;

retinal image stability;

foveal fixation stability; and

nystagmus; and

the faceguard further comprises:

a plurality of structural members;

at least one aperture configured for human vision through the faceguard;

an eye sensor wherein:

the eye sensor comprises a video camera; and

the eye sensor senses eye information selected from the group of:

horizontal eye movement;

vertical eye movement;

pupil size; and

eyelid movement;

a head orientation sensor wherein:

the head orientation sensor senses a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and

the head orientation sensor senses the head movement in a range of frequencies between 0.01 Hertz and 15 Hertz;

the head orientation sensor comprises a micro-electro-mechanical system integrated circuit comprising a module selected from the group consisting of an accelerometer, a magnetometer, and a gyroscope; and

an electronic circuit wherein:

the electronic circuit comprises a central processing unit, and a memory unit;

the electronic circuit is responsive to the eye movement information received from the eye sensor; and

the electronic circuit is responsive to head movement information received from the head orientation sensor.

2. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring vestibulo-ocular reflex.

3. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring ocular saccades.

4. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring pupillometry.

5. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring pursuit tracking during visual pursuit.

6. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring vergence.

7. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring eye closure.

8. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring focused position of the eyes.

9. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is further configured for measuring an ocular performance characteristic selected from the group of dynamic visual acuity and kinetic visual acuity.

10. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for measuring retinal image stability.

11. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the faceguard is further configured for measuring an ocular performance characteristic selected from the group of foveal fixation stability and nystagmus.

12. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the eye sensor senses horizontal eye movement and vertical eye movement.

13. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the eye sensor senses eye movement information selected from the group of horizontal eye movement and vertical eye movement.

14. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the head orientation sensor senses pitch of the person's head and yaw of the person's head

the eye sensor senses eye horizontal eye movement and vertical eye movement;

the electronic circuit uses a Fourier transform to generate a vertical gain signal and a vertical phase signal in response to the vertical eye movement information and the pitch information; and

the electronic circuit uses a Fourier transform to generate a horizontal gain signal and a horizontal phase signal in response to the horizontal eye movement information and the yaw information.

15. The faceguard of claim 1 wherein:

the eye sensor further senses the position of at least one eye;

the faceguard further comprises a forward-facing camera; and

the forward-facing camera is responsive to the eye sensor.

16. A human ocular performance measuring system wherein:

the system is configured for measuring an ocular performance characteristic selected from the group of:

vestibulo-ocular reflex;

ocular saccades;

pupillometry;

pursuit tracking during visual pursuit;

vergence;

eye closure;

focused position of the eyes;

dynamic visual acuity;

kinetic visual acuity;

retinal image stability;

foveal fixation stability; and

nystagmus; and

the system comprises:

an eye sensor wherein:

the eye sensor is located on a faceguard wherein the faceguard comprises a plurality of structural members and at least one aperture configured for human vision through the faceguard;

the eye sensor comprises a video camera; and

the eye sensor senses eye movement information selected from the group of:

horizontal eye movement;

vertical eye movement;

pupillometry; and

eyelid movement;

a head orientation sensor wherein:

the head orientation sensor is located on the faceguard;

the head orientation sensor senses a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and

the head orientation sensor senses the head movement in a range of frequencies between 0.01 Hertz and 15 Hertz; and

an electronic circuit wherein:

the electronic circuit comprises a central processing unit, and a memory unit;

the electronic circuit is responsive to the eye movement information received from the eye sensor; and

the electronic circuit is responsive to head movement information received from the head orientation sensor.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein:

the head orientation sensor comprises a head-worn micro-electro-mechanical system integrated circuit comprising a module selected from the group consisting of an accelerometer, a magnetometer, and a gyroscope.

18. The system of claim 16 wherein:

the faceguard is configured for attachment to a football helmet; and

the system is configured for determining whether a concussion has occurred.

19. The system of claim 16 wherein:

the head orientation sensor comprises the same video camera as the eye sensor.

20. A method for measuring human ocular performance comprising the steps of:

establishing a faceguard that comprises:

a plurality of structural members and at least one aperture configured for allowing human vision through the faceguard;

an eye sensor comprising a video camera configured for sensing

eye movement information selected from the group of:

horizontal eye movement;

vertical eye movement;

pupillometry; and

eyelid movement;

a head orientation sensor configured for sensing a head movement selected from the group of pitch and yaw of a person's head wherein pitch represents a rotation about a first axis representing up and down movement of the person's face when the rear of the person's head moves in the opposite direction and yaw represents horizontal movement of the face when looked at from the front about a second axis substantially aligned with the spine and perpendicular to the first axis; and

an electronic circuit; and

using the electronic circuit to:

receive eye movement information from the eye sensor;

receive head movement information from the head orientation sensor; and

generate a gain signal and a phase signal using the eye movement information, and the head movement information; and

measure an ocular performance characteristic selected from the group of:

vestibulo-ocular reflex;

ocular saccades;

pupillometry;

pursuit tracking during visual pursuit;

vergence;

eye closure;

focused position of the eyes;

dynamic visual acuity;

kinetic visual acuity;

retinal image stability;

foveal fixation stability; and

nystagmus.