Turbocharger having adjustable-trim centrifugal compressor including divergent-wall diffuser
A centrifugal compressor for a turbocharger includes an inlet-adjustment mechanism in an air inlet for the compressor, operable to move between an open position and a closed position in the air inlet. Movement of the inlet-adjustment mechanism from the open position to the closed position is effective to shift the compressor's surge line to lower flow rates. The compressor includes a diffuser extending between an exducer of the compressor wheel and a volute for collecting pressurized air from the compressor. The diffuser is defined between first and second walls that diverge from each other in a radially outwardly direction through the diffuser. The divergent-wall diffuser enhances the shift of the surge line to lower flow rates when the inlet-adjustment mechanism is put in the closed position.
1. A turbocharger, comprising:
a turbine housing and a turbine wheel mounted in the turbine housing and connected to a rotatable shaft for rotation therewith about a turbocharger axis, the turbine housing receiving exhaust gas and supplying the exhaust gas to the turbine wheel;
a centrifugal compressor assembly comprising a compressor housing and a compressor wheel mounted in the compressor housing and connected to the rotatable shaft for rotation therewith about the turbocharger axis, the compressor wheel having blades and defining an inducer portion and an exducer portion, the compressor housing having an air inlet wall defining an air inlet for leading air generally axially into the compressor wheel along an axial flow direction, the compressor housing further defining a volute for receiving compressed air discharged generally radially outwardly from the compressor wheel; and
a compressor inlet-adjustment mechanism disposed in the air inlet of the compressor housing and adjustable between an open position and a closed position, the inlet-adjustment mechanism in the closed position forming an orifice of reduced diameter relative to a nominal diameter of the inlet;
the compressor housing defining a vaneless diffuser disposed between the exducer portion of the compressor wheel and the volute, the diffuser receiving the compressed air from the compressor wheel and diffusing the compressed air and delivering the diffused compressed air into the volute, wherein the vaneless diffuser is formed between a first wall located relatively downstream with respect to the axial flow direction and a second wall spaced upstream from the first wall with respect to the axial flow direction, and wherein the second wall is conical so as to proceed axially opposite to the axial flow direction as the second wall extends in a radially outward direction, such that the first and second walls diverge from each other in the radially outward direction.
2. The turbocharger of claim 1 , wherein the first wall lies in an r-θ plane with respect to an rθz cylindrical coordinate system in which r defines a radial direction with respect to the turbocharger axis, θ defines a circumferential direction about the turbocharger axis, and z defines an axial direction along the turbocharger axis.