Process for preparing sphingolipids
The invention provides a process for preparing sphingolipids, compositions comprising sphingolipids and further components, and for the use of the compositions.
1. A process for preparing sphingolipids of the general formula I
by reacting a first component, a lysosphingolipid of the general formula II
with a second component selected from an ester based on a polyol having up to 6 carbon atoms,
wherein
the first and second components, based on the overall reaction mixture, account for a total of at least 70% by weight,
and not more than 600 propyl laurate units of at least one carboxylic ester hydrolase from the E.C. 3.1.1 enzyme class per gram of first component are used in the entire reaction mixture, where one propyl laurate unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that synthesizes one μmol of propyl laurate per minute from 1-propanol and lauric acid.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second component selected from an glycerol ester.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second component is selected from glycerol esters.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second component is selected from a glycerol ester based having up to 3 carbon atoms.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first component used is sphinganine with R 2 ═H and X═CH 2 —CH 2 , and the second component is selected from the group consisting of coconut fat, palm kernel oil, olive oil, palm oil, argan oil, castor oil, linseed oil and babassu oil.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactants are present on commencement of the reaction in a molar ratio of first component to second component of 1:0.11 to 1:2000.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, based on the overall reaction mixture, the maximum total amount of any solvent present is less than 20% by weight.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein it is conducted under anhydrous conditions.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic ester hydrolase is selected from the group of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus with accession number 059952, lipases A and B with accession number P41365 from Candida antarctica and the lipase from Mucor miehei with accession number P19515, the lipase from Humicola sp. with accession number 059952, the lipase from Rhizomucor javanicus with accession number 532492, the lipase from Rhizopus oryzae with accession number P61872, the lipases from Candida rugosa with accession number P20261, P32946, P32947, P3294 and P32949, the lipase from Rhizopus niveus accession number P61871, the lipase from Penicillium camemberti with accession number P25234, the lipases from Aspergillus niger with accession number ABG73613, ABG73614 and ABG37906 and the lipase from Penicillium cyclopium with accession number P61869, and their respective at least 60% homologues at the amino acid level.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second components, based on the overall reaction mixture, account for a total of at least 95% by weight.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, based on the overall reaction mixture, the maximum total amount of any solvent present is less than 5% by weight.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic ester hydrolase is selected from the group of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus with accession number 059952, lipases A and B with accession number P41365 from Candida antarctica and the lipase from Mucor miehei with accession number P19515, the lipase from Humicola sp. with accession number 059952, the lipase from Rhizomucor javanicus with accession number 532492, the lipase from Rhizopus oryzae with accession number P61872, the lipases from Candida rugosa with accession number P20261, P32946, P32947, P3294 and P32949, the lipase from Rhizopus niveus accession number P61871, the lipase from Penicillium camemberti with accession number P25234, the lipases from Aspergillus niger with accession number ABG73613, ABG73614 and ABG37906 and the lipase from Penicillium cyclopium with accession number P61869, and their respective at least 95% homologues at the amino acid level.