Electrolyte and battery
This application provides an electrolyte and a battery. The electrolyte comprises an electrolytic salt and an organic solvent comprising a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate. The electrolyte further comprises an additive A and an additive B, wherein the additive A is a positive-electrode film-forming additive, the additive B is a negative-electrode film-forming additive, and the reduction potential of the additive B is higher than that of the cyclic carbonate, and the electrolyte has a conductivity of 6 mS/cm to 10 mS/cm at 25° C. The electrolyte of the present application can improve the cycle performance and storage performance of the battery, in particular, improve the cycle performance and storage performance of the battery under high temperature and high voltage conditions, and at the same time balance the low-temperature performance of the battery.
1. An electrolyte comprising an electrolytic salt and an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, wherein
the electrolyte further comprises an additive A and an additive B, wherein the additive A is a positive electrode film-forming additive, the additive B is a negative electrode film-forming additive, the reduction potential of the additive B is higher than that of the cyclic carbonate, and the additive A is one or more selected from the group consisting of the compounds of Formula I-1, Formula I-2, and Formula I-3;
in Formula I-1, Formula I-2, Formula I-3: R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 26 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 heterocyclic group, wherein the substituent is one or more selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 6 alkenyl group, and a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group; wherein x, y, and z are each independently selected from an integer of 0 to 8; m, n, and k are each independently selected from an integer of 0 to 2;
wherein the additive B comprises a cyclic carbonate compound containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a halogen-substituted cyclic carbonate compound at the same time;
wherein the electrolyte has a conductivity of 6 mS/cm to 10 mS/cm at 25° C.;
wherein the additive A has a mass percentage of 0.1% to 3.5% based on the total mass of the electrolyte;
wherein the additive B has a mass percentage of 0.1% to 10% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the additive A is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:
3. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent comprises the cyclic carbonate, the chain carbonate, and further comprises a carboxylic acid ester.
4. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein the cyclic carbonate is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, and 2,3-butylene glycol carbonate; and
wherein the chain carbonate is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and dibutyl carbonate; and
wherein the carboxylic acid ester is one or more selected from the group consisting of methyl pivalate, ethyl pivalate, propyl pivalate, butyl pivalate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and butyl acetate.
5. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein based on the total mass of the organic solvent,
the cyclic carbonate has a mass percentage of 15% to 55%;
the chain carbonate has a mass percentage of 15% to 74%;
the carboxylic acid ester has a mass percentage of 0.1% to 70%.
6. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein based on the total mass of the organic solvent, the cyclic carbonate has a mass percentage of 25% to 50%.
7. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein based on the total mass of the organic solvent, the chain carbonate has a mass percentage of 25% to 70%.
8. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein based on the total mass of the organic solvent, the carboxylic acid ester has a mass percentage of 5% to 50%.
9. A battery comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is the electrolyte according to claim 1 .