Methods and materials for hydraulic fracturing
Compositions and methods are provided for plugging a fracture network in a wellbore. Exemplary compositions comprise a mixture of particles, some of the particles being degradable and other particles being elongated, having good compressive strength, and not being readily degradable at the conditions of the formation. The mixture of particles can temporarily bridge or plug fractures within the formation, and thus acts as a temporary diversion agent. After the degradable particles dissolve, the particles which are not readily degradable can remain in the fracture, helping to keep the fracture open and acting as a proppant.
1. A composition for plugging a wellbore, comprising:
a. about 5 to 20 wt % of a first type of particle, the first type of particle having a particle size from 2.25 mm to 3.5 mm and comprising a first degradable polymeric material;
b. about 5 to 20 wt % of a second type of particle, the second type of particle having a particle size less than or equal to 0.6 mm and comprising a second degradable polymeric material;
c. about 60 to 90 wt % of a third type of particle, the third type of particle being elongated in shape, having a width from about 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm, having a length from about 1.5 to 5 times the width, and comprising a ceramic material comprising aluminum oxide;
d. a fourth type of particle, wherein the fourth type of particle is a flake; and the flake has a width of about 0.10 in. to 0.5 in., a length of about 0.08 in. to about 0.2 in., and a thickness of about 0.01 in., to 0.02 in.; and
e. a carrier fluid.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particle size of the first type of particle is greater than 2.3 mm to less than 3.4 mm.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particle size of the second type of particle is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the width of the third type of particle is from 0.8 mm to 1.1 mm.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the specific gravity of each of the first and second polymeric materials is from about 1.0 g/cc to 1.7 g/cc.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second polymeric materials is selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyepsilon caprolactone, urea-based polymeric materials, and copolymers thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the specific gravity of each of the first and second polymeric materials is from about 2.5 g/cc to 2.8 g/cc.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the specific gravity of the ceramic material is from 3.0 g/cc to 3.98 g/cc.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material comprises at least 95% aluminum oxide.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the third type of particle is rod shaped.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 75% of the third type of particles have a length of about 1.0 mm to about 2.5 mm.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carrier fluid is water-based or oil-based.
13. A composition for plugging a wellbore, comprising:
a. about 5 to 20 wt % of a first degradable polymeric particle, the first degradable polymeric particle having a particle size from 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm;
b. about 5 to 20 wt % of a second degradable polymeric particle, the second degradable polymeric particle having a particle size less than or equal to 0.6 mm;
c. about 60 to 90 wt % of a third particle, the third particle being elongated in shape, having a width from about 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm, having a length from about 1.5 to 5 times the width, and comprising a substantially non-degradable ceramic material;
d. a fourth particle, the fourth particle being a flake and having a width of about 0.10 in to 0.5 in, a length of about 0.08 in to about 0.2 in, and a thickness of about 0.01 in to 0.02 in.; and
e. a carrier fluid.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein each of the first and second degradable polymeric particle is selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyepsilon caprolactone, urea-based polymeric materials, and copolymers thereof.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the carrier fluid is water-based or oil-based.
16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the ceramic material is a metal oxide, a metal nitride, or a metal carbide.
17. A composition for plugging a wellbore, comprising:
a. about 5 to 20 wt % of a first type of particle, the first type of particle having a particle size from 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm and comprising a first polymeric degradable material;
b. about 5 to 20 wt % of a second type of particle, the second type of particle having a particle size less than or equal to 0.6 mm and comprising a second polymeric degradable material;
c. about 60 to 90 wt % of a third type of particle, the third type of particle being elongated in shape, having a width from about 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm, having a length from about 1.5 to 5 times the width, and comprising a ceramic material comprising a metal oxide, a metal nitride, or a metal carbide; and
d. a carrier fluid.
18. The composition of claim 17 , further comprising a fourth type of particle, the fourth type of particle being a flake.