Hydrophobized nanoparticles as breaker for viscoelastic surfactant gelled fluids
A treatment fluid comprises: a base fluid; a viscoelastic surfactant gelling agent and hydrophobic nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles that are surface modified with C 6-30 aliphatic groups. The treatment fluid is a fracturing fluid, a completion fluid, a gravel pack fluid, a fluid loss pill, a lost circulation pill, a diverter fluid, a foamed fluid, a stimulation fluid and the like.
1. A treatment fluid comprising:
a base fluid, which is a brine comprising about 2 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a salt;
about 1 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of a viscoelastic surfactant gelling agent based on a total weight of the treatment fluid; and
hydrophobic nanoparticles present in an amount of about 2 pptg to about 50 pptg, the hydrophobic nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles that are surface modified with C 6-30 aliphatic groups derived from a fatty acid comprising caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, the metallic nanoparticles comprising one or more of the following: magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, iron oxide, iron hydroxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, or zinc hydroxide;
wherein the treatment fluid is a fracturing fluid, a completion fluid, a gravel pack fluid, a fluid loss pill, a lost circulation pill, a diverter fluid, a foamed fluid, or a stimulation fluid.
2. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic nanoparticles have one or more of the following characteristics: a static contact angle greater than about 120°; a contact angle hysteresis less than about 30°; or a roll-off angle less than about 20°.
3. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic nanoparticles comprise metallic nanoparticles that are surface modified with C 8-26 alkyl groups.
4. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic nanoparticles comprise zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, or a combination thereof.
5. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the hydrophobic nanoparticles is selected such that the treatment fluid has a viscosity variation of less than about 20% within about 2 hours after the treatment fluid is heated to a temperature of about 300° F.
6. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic nanoparticles are present in an amount of about 10 pptg to about 40 pptg.
7. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the viscoelastic surfactant gelling agent is present in an amount of about 2 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on a total weight of the treatment fluid.
8. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the viscoelastic surfactant gelling agent is present in an amount of about 2 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based on a total weight of the treatment fluid.
9. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the viscoelastic surfactant gelling agent comprises erucamidopropyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine, erucamidopropyl hydroxyethyl sulfobetaine, erucamidopropyl hydroxymethyl sulfobetaine, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
10. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the base fluid comprises about 15 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of a calcium salt based on a total weight of the base fluid.
11. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic nanoparticles comprising zinc oxide nanoparticles that are surface modified with stearic acid.
12. The treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the salt comprises one or more of the following: KCl, NaCl, ZnCl 2 , MgCl 2 , or CaCl 2 .
13. A treatment fluid comprising:
a base fluid, which is a brine comprising about 2 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a salt;
a viscoelastic surfactant gelling agent present in an amount of about 2 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based on a total weight of the treatment fluid, the viscoelastic surfactant gelling agent comprising erucamidopropyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine, erucamidopropyl hydroxyethyl sulfobetaine, erucamidopropyl hydroxymethyl sulfobetaine, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; and
hydrophobic nanoparticles comprising metallic nanoparticles that are surface modified with C 6-30 aliphatic groups derived from a fatty acid comprising caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, the metallic nanoparticles comprising one or more of the following: magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, iron oxide, iron hydroxide, copper oxide, or zinc oxide, the hydrophobic nanoparticles being present in an amount of about 2 pptg to about 50 pptg.
14. The treatment fluid of claim 13 , wherein the base fluid comprises about 15 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of a calcium salt based on a total weight of the base fluid.
15. The treatment fluid of claim 13 , wherein the hydrophobic nanoparticles comprising zinc oxide nanoparticles that are surface modified with stearic acid.