Colorimetric detection of nucleic acid amplification
Colorimetry is used to detect amplification reaction products. A sample is contacted with a reaction mix under conditions such that an amplification reaction occurs and produces an amplification reaction product if the sample contains a target nucleic acid template molecule. The reaction mix includes an enzyme for catalyzing the amplification reaction, and at least one halochromic agent. If the target nucleic acid template molecule is present, the amplification reaction changes the starting pH of the reaction mix to cause a detectable colorimetric change of the halochromic agent, thereby indicating the presence of the target nucleic acid. If the target nucleic acid template molecule is not present, the amplification reaction does not generate an adequate number of protons to sufficiently change the starting pH of the reaction mix to cause a detectable colorimetric change of the halochromic agent, thereby indicating that the amplification reaction product has not been produced.
1. A method for colorimetric detection of a nucleic acid amplification reaction product in a sample, the method comprising:
contacting the sample with a reaction mix under conditions such that a nucleic acid amplification reaction occurs and produces a nucleic acid amplification reaction product if the sample contains a target nucleic acid template molecule, the reaction mix having a starting pH and comprising:
a buffer having a buffering capacity equivalent to Tris buffer at a concentration between 1.5 mM-19 mM in a solution having a pH of 8.0;
an enzyme for catalyzing the nucleic acid amplification reaction; and
a colorimetric agent having a transition pH range between the starting pH of the reaction mix and an expected ending pH of the reaction mix, the expected ending pH of the reaction mix affected by the nucleic acid amplification reaction;
wherein if the target nucleic acid template molecule is present, the nucleic acid amplification reaction shifts the starting pH of the reaction mix towards the expected ending pH of the reaction mix, thereby causing a detectable colorimetric change of the colorimetric agent, and thereby indicating the presence of the target nucleic acid, and wherein if the target nucleic acid template molecule is not present, the nucleic acid amplification reaction does not generate an adequate number of protons to sufficiently change the starting pH of the reaction mix to cause a detectable colorimetric change of the colorimetric agent, thereby indicating that the nucleic acid amplification reaction product has not been produced.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein detection of the nucleic acid amplification reaction product is accelerated relative to a nucleic acid amplification reaction using a reaction mix without a colorimetric agent, and wherein the nucleic acid amplification reaction using a reaction mix without a colorimetric agent comprises detection of the nucleic acid amplification reaction product by fluorescent intercalating dyes, molecular beacons, hybridization probes, UV-Vis, Agarose Gels or Lateral Flow Assay.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colorimetric change of the reaction mix is detected throughout the performance of the nucleic acid amplification reaction.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colorimetric change of the reaction mix is detected after the performance of the nucleic acid amplification reaction.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection of the colorimetric change of the reaction mix is associated with a digital indication of a presence of the nucleic acid amplification reaction product.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colorimetric change of the reaction mix is detected by measuring absorbance of the reaction mix.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colorimetric change of the reaction mix is detected by visual detection of the reaction mix.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection of the colorimetric change of the reaction mix indicates that an exponential phase or a plateau phase of the nucleic acid amplification reaction has been obtained.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colorimetric change of the reaction mix is detected in less than 60 minutes from a starting time before the performance of the nucleic acid amplification reaction.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid amplification reaction is a thermocycled reaction.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid amplification reaction is an isothermal reaction.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the isothermal reaction is a strand displacement amplification, a multiple displacement amplification, a recombinase polymerase amplification, a helicase dependent amplification, a rolling circle amplification, or a loop mediated isothermal amplification.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colorimetric agent is phenol red, bromocresol purple, bromothymol blue, neutral red, naphtholphthalein, cresol red, cresolphthalein, or phenolphthalein.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the colorimetric agent is at a concentration between 50 μM-260 μM.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is a DNA polymerase.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the DNA polymerase is Bst or Taq.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is a reverse transcriptase, an RNA polymerase, an RNase, a helicase, a recombinase, a ligase, a restriction endonuclease, a TAQ polymerase, or a single-strand binding protein.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is Bst or Bst 2.0 polymerase, and wherein the colorimetric agent is phenol red.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mix further comprises a base.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mix further comprises an acid.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mix further comprises at least one of: dNTPs, primers, and a monovalent cation.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the monovalent cation is ammonium, quaternary ammonium, or potassium.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting of the sample with the reaction mix offsets the starting pH of the reaction mix by less than 0.1 pH units prior to commencement of the nucleic acid amplification reaction.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the starting pH of the reaction mix is between pH 6 and pH 10.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the starting pH of the reaction mix is between pH 7.5 and pH 8.8.
28. The method of claim 26 , wherein the starting pH of the reaction mix is between pH 8 and pH 8.8.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detectable colorimetric change is quantifiable at a cell path length of 50 μm.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mix further comprises at least two colorimetric agents.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the colorimetric agent is phenol red and wherein a second colorimetric agent is bromothymol blue.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the colorimetric agent is cresol red and wherein a second colorimetric agent is bromothymol blue.
33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid amplification reaction product is DNA or RNA.
34. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid template molecule is DNA or RNA.
35. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample contributes between 4.8×10 −9 and 4.8×10 −18 hydronium ion equivalents to the reaction mix, per 10 μl reaction mix.
36. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is diluted between 5-40% upon contacting the sample with the reaction mix.
37. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is at a pH between pH 3 and pH 11.
38. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detectable colorimetric change is detected based on an imaging of the reaction mix.
39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the imaging comprises determining a change in contrast of an image of the reaction mix.
40. The method of claim 38 , wherein the imaging comprises determining a change in HSV or RGB values of an image of the reaction mix.
41. A kit for colorimetric detection of a nucleic acid amplification reaction product, the kit comprising:
a buffer having a buffering capacity equivalent to Tris buffer at a concentration between 1.5 mM-19 mM in a solution having a pH of 8.0;
an enzyme for catalyzing the nucleic acid amplification reaction;
a colorimetric agent having a transition pH range between a starting pH and an expected ending pH of a reaction mix comprising the buffer, the enzyme, and the colorimetric agent, the expected ending pH of the reaction mix affected by the nucleic acid amplification reaction; and
instructions for use comprising instructions for contacting a sample with the reaction mix comprising the buffer, the enzyme, and the colorimetric agent under conditions that the nucleic acid amplification reaction occurs and produces the nucleic acid amplification reaction product if the sample contains a target nucleic acid template molecule, wherein if the target nucleic acid template molecule is present, the nucleic acid amplification reaction shifts the starting pH of the reaction mix towards the expected ending pH of the reaction mix, thereby causing a detectable colorimetric change of the colorimetric agent, and thereby indicating the presence of the target nucleic acid, and wherein if the target nucleic acid template molecule is not present, the nucleic acid amplification reaction does not generate an adequate number of protons to sufficiently change the starting pH of the reaction mix to cause a detectable colorimetric change of the colorimetric agent, thereby indicating that the nucleic acid amplification reaction product has not been produced.