Methods and compositions for the catalytic upgrading of alcohols
Compositions and methods of use related to metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and/or nanoparticles are generally described. In some embodiments, methods and compositions for the catalytic upgrading of alcohols using MOFs and/or nanoparticles associated with MOFs are generally described. In some embodiments, a catalytic MOF composition is provided, wherein the MOF composition comprises a MOF compound and a plurality of metal catalytic compounds. In some embodiments, an alcohol may be exposed to the MOF composition and/or a plurality of nanoparticles associated with the MOF composition such that the alcohol is converted to a higher order alcohol. Advantageously, in some embodiments, the alcohol conversion occurs at a relatively high turnover frequency and/or with a relatively high selectivity as compared to traditional methods for converting alcohols.
1. A method of upgrading an alcohol, comprising:
exposing a catalytic metal-organic framework (MOF) composition to one or more first alcohols; and
converting at least a portion of the one or more first alcohols to one or more second alcohols, wherein the catalytic MOF composition comprises a MOF compound and a plurality of metal catalytic compounds, wherein the MOF compound comprises a plurality of cobalt atoms or nickel atoms, and at least a portion of the plurality of metal catalytic compounds are bonded with and at least a portion of the cobalt atoms or nickel atoms in the form of an alloy comprising Ru x Co x-1 or Ru x Ni x-1 nanoparticles.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more second alcohols are formed at a turnover number of at least about 1,000 Ru −1 , at least about 5,000 Ru −1 , at least about 10,000 Ru −1 , at least about 20,000 Ru −1 , at least about 50,000 Ru −1 , at least about 100,000 Ru −1 , at least about 200,000 Ru −1 , at least about 300,000 Ru −1 , at least about 400,000 Ru −1 , or at least about 500,000 Ru −1 .
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more second alcohols are formed at a turnover frequency of at least about 100 Ru −1 h −1 , at least about 500 Ru −1 h −1 , at least about 1,000 Ru −1 h −1 , at least about 2,000 Ru −1 h −1 , at least about 3,000 Ru −1 h −1 , at least about 4,000 Ru −1 h −1 , at least about 5,000 Ru −1 h −1 , or at least about 10,000 Ru −1 h −1 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more second alcohols are formed with a selectivity of at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, at least about 99.8%, or at least about 99.9%.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising releasing at least a portion of the alloy from the MOF compound.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first alcohols comprises ethanol.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more second alcohols comprises 1-butanol.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first alcohols comprises 1-butanol.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more second alcohols comprises 2-ethyl-hexanol.