Tissue necrosis methods and apparatus
Apparatus and methods for creating tissue necrosis include an energy delivery apparatus that can be positioned adjacent a target treatment site such as a vessel without direct contact with the treatment site tissue. Collimated energy is then directed to the vessel to create necrotic regions in the tissue. Exemplary use in renal vessels creates necrotic regions in adjacent nerves which can alleviate hypertension in a patient.
1. A system for creating necrosis of a tissue in a wall of an artery, said system comprising:
a catheter comprising an ultrasound transducer disposed at a distal end of the catheter, the ultrasound transducer being configured to both generate and deliver:
(i) a collimated therapy beam of ultrasound energy that is sufficient to cause necrosis of the tissue with the distal end of the catheter disposed a distance away from the wall of the artery; and
(ii) an imaging beam of ultrasound energy suitable for imaging the wall of the artery without creating damage to the tissue; and
a controller operably coupled to the ultrasound transducer and configured to:
translate and rotate the ultrasound transducer while delivering the collimated therapy beam of ultrasound energy with the distal end of the catheter and the ultrasound transducer disposed within the artery and avoiding contact with the wall of the artery;
determine a thickness of the wall of the artery based at least in part on reflected ultrasound energy detected by the ultrasound transducer; and
adjust energy parameters or movement of the ultrasound transducer in response to the determined thickness of the wall of the artery.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound transducer is configured to deliver the collimated therapy beam and the imaging beam from the distal end of the catheter in a generally radial direction with respect to an axis of the distal end of the catheter.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a cooling apparatus for cooling the ultrasound transducer.
4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an energy delivery apparatus, wherein the ultrasound transducer is at least partially recessed within the energy delivery apparatus.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catheter comprises one or more deflectable regions, the one or more deflectable regions being deflectable in at least one direction.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to direct movement of the catheter in a helical pattern along the wall of the artery to produce a helical lesion in the wall of the artery.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to direct movement of the catheter to produce a spotted lesion pattern in the wall of the artery.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to direct movement of the catheter to produce an intermittent spiral lesion pattern in the wall of the artery.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to deliver pain reduction medication to the wall of the artery using the catheter.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the controller is further configured to activate the pain reduction medication through at least one of ultrasound stimulation or thermal stimulation.
11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pain reduction medication delivery tube associated with the distal end of the catheter.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the distance that the distal end of the catheter is disposed away from the wall of the artery allows for blood flow and fluid provided from the catheter between the distal end of the catheter and the wall of the artery to remove heat from the wall of the artery.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a fluid path in the catheter for delivering a pain reduction medicament.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the distance that the distal end of the catheter is disposed away from the wall of the artery prevents damage to the wall of the artery from abrasion and reduces thermal conductivity from the distal end of the catheter to the wall of the artery.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the artery is a renal artery and wherein necrosis of the tissue comprises necrosis of a nerve.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the necrosis of the nerve alleviates hypertension in a patient.
17. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an irrigation fluid flowing through the catheter.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the irrigation fluid reduces heat and damage to the tissue on an intima of the wall of the artery.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the necrosis is greater within the wall of the artery relative to the intima of the wall of the artery.