Solid-State Antioxidant for Radioactive Environments
Polymeric compositions for use in nuclear applications that exhibit long-lasting protection from degradation in the presence of oxygen (e.g., air) and high energy radiation, even when utilized in high temperature applications are described. The polymeric compositions include a particulate additive that incorporates a zinc-based solid-state antioxidant. The antioxidant can be a binary or ternary zinc-based material that can include one or more additional metals and optionally can include oxygen.
1 . A radiological barrier comprising a polymeric composition, the polymeric composition comprising a polymer and a particulate, the particulate including a solid-state antioxidant comprising zinc and a second metal, wherein the polymer has not been subjected to an energy to form radicals or binding sites on the polymer, the radiological barrier comprising a loss in elongation of about 25% or less upon exposure to a gamma radiation dose of 5 krad/hr and upon aging for 100 days at a temperature of 80° C. in the presence of oxygen.
2 . The radiological barrier of claim 1 , the second metal being selected from barium, tungsten, lead, yttrium, zirconium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
3 . The radiological barrier of claim 1 , the solid-state antioxidant further comprising a third metal or oxygen.
4 . The radiological barrier of claim 1 , the polymer comprising a thermoplastic.
5 . The radiological barrier material of claim 4 , the thermoplastic having a glass transition temperature of from about 50° C. to about 130° C.
6 . The radiological barrier material of claim 1 , wherein the radiological barrier material is a component of a storage device.
7 . The radiological barrier material of claim 1 , wherein the radiological barrier material is a component of a personal protective device or is a component of a nuclear facility system device.
8 . A radiological barrier comprising a polymeric composition comprising a polymer and a particulate, the particulate including a solid-state antioxidant comprising zinc and a second metal, wherein the solid-state antioxidant is free of oxygen, the radiological barrier comprising a loss in elongation of about 25% or less upon exposure to a gamma radiation dose of 5 krad/hr and upon aging for 100 days at a temperature of 80° C. in the presence of oxygen.
9 . The radiological barrier of claim 8 , the second metal being selected from barium, tungsten, lead, yttrium, zirconium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
10 . The radiological barrier of claim 8 , the solid-state antioxidant further comprising a third metal.
11 . The radiological barrier of claim 8 , the polymer comprising a thermoplastic.
12 . The radiological barrier material of claim 11 , the thermoplastic having a glass transition temperature of from about 50° C. to about 130° C.
13 . The radiological barrier material of claim 8 , wherein the radiological barrier material is a component of a storage device.
14 . The radiological barrier material of claim 8 , wherein the radiological barrier material is a component of a personal protective device or is a component of a nuclear facility system device.
15 . A method for forming a radiological barrier material, the method comprising:
blending a polymer with a particulate to form a polymeric composition, the particulate comprising a solid-state antioxidant comprising zinc and a second metal; and
shaping the polymeric composition; wherein
the method is free from subjection of the polymer to energy that forms radicals on the polymer.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the solid-state antioxidant is free of oxygen.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the solid-state antioxidant comprises a third metal or oxygen.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein shaping the polymeric composition comprises extrusion of a melt comprising the polymeric composition.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein shaping the polymeric composition comprises forming a layer that comprises the polymeric composition.
20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein shaping the polymeric composition comprises crosslinking the polymer.