Electrolyte formulations for energy storage devices
An energy storage device can include a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte where the electrolyte includes one or more additives and/or solvent components selected from vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC). The electrolyte may include a carbonate based solvent and one or more solvent components and/or one or more of vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC).
1. An energy storage device comprising:
a cathode;
an anode;
a separator between the cathode and the anode; and
an electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt, and one or more additives;
wherein the electrolyte comprises each of the one or more additives in about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %; and
wherein the solvent comprises EC (ethylene carbonate)/DEC (diethylcarbonate)/DMC (dimethylcarbonate)/EB (ethyl butyrate) in a ratio of about 1:1:1:1 by volume, EC/EMC/MP (methyl propionate) in a ratio of about 1:1:8 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC in a ratio of about 1:1:1:2 by volume, or EC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1 by volume.
2. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of an anode passivation film forming agent, a cathode protection and overcharge protection agent, and an electrolyte stabilizer, and combinations thereof.
3. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises an ester selected from the group consisting of MP, EB, MB (methyl butyrate), EA (ethyl acetate), and combinations thereof.
4. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is LiPF 6 .
5. The energy storage device of claim 4 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.8 to 1.4 M.
6. The energy storage device of claim 4 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.6 to 0.95 M.
7. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is a battery.
8. A method for fabricating an energy storage device comprising:
providing a cathode;
providing an anode;
placing a separator between the cathode and the anode;
inserting the cathode, the anode, and the separator into a housing; and
adding an electrolyte to the housing, and contacting the electrolyte with the cathode and the anode;
wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent, a lithium salt, and one or more additives;
wherein the electrolyte comprises each of the one or more additives in about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %; and
wherein the solvent comprises EC (ethylene carbonate)/DEC (diethylcarbonate)/DMC (dimethylcarbonate)/EB (ethyl butyrate) in a ratio of about 1:1:1:1 by volume, EC/EMC/MP (methyl propionate) in a ratio of about 1:1:8 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC in a ratio of about 1:1:1:2 by volume, or EC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1 by volume.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), a hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, and a fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the anode comprises a current collector and an electrode film formed using a dry process from a dry particles mixture.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the solvent comprises an ester selected from the group consisting of MP, EB, MB (methyl butyrate), EA (ethyl acetate), and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the lithium salt is LiPF 6 .
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.8 to 1.4 M.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.6 to 0.95 M.
15. A method of claim 8 , wherein the energy storage device is a battery.
16. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), a hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, and a fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), and combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of an anode passivation film forming agent, a cathode protection and overcharge protection agent, and an electrolyte stabilizer, and combinations thereof.