METHODS OF TREATING SUBJECTS WITH AN ELEVATED NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN LEVEL

1 . A method of treating a subject, the method comprising:

selecting a subject having an elevated level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject, as compared to a reference level of neurofilament light chain protein; and

administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof, to the selected subject.

2 . A method of selecting a treatment for a subject, the method comprising:

identifying a subject having an elevated level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject, as compared to a reference level of neurofilament light chain protein; and

selecting a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof, for the identified subject.

3 . A method of selecting a subject for treatment, the method comprising:

identifying a subject having an elevated level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject, as compared to a reference level of neurofilament light chain protein; and

selecting the identified subject for treatment with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof.

4 . A method of selecting a subject for participation in a clinical trial, the method comprising:

identifying a subject having an elevated level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject, as compared to a reference level of neurofilament light chain protein; and

selecting the identified subject for participation in a clinical trial that comprises administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof.

5 . A method of predicting the efficacy of a treatment in a subject, the method comprising:

determining a level of neurofilament light chain protein level in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject; and

determining that a treatment with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof, is more likely to be effective in a subject having an elevated level of neurofilament light chain protein in the sample as compared to a reference level of neurofilament light chain protein, as compared to a subject not having an elevated level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising blood, serum, or plasma as compared to the reference level of neurofilament light chain protein.

6 . The method of any one of claims 1 - 5 , wherein the subject has not been diagnosed with a neurological disorder or neural tissue damage.

7 . The method of any one of claims 1 - 6 , wherein the subject does not present with a symptom of a neurological disorder or neural tissue damage.

8 . The method of any one of claims 1 - 5 , wherein the subject has been diagnosed as having a neurological disorder or neural tissue damage.

9 . The method of any one of claims 1 - 8 , wherein the method further comprises performing an assay to determine the level of neurofilament light chain protein in the sample obtained from the subject.

10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the assay is a single-molecule array assay.

11 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the method further comprises administering the selected treatment to the identified subject.

12 . The method of any one of claims 1 - 11 , wherein the subject has been previously administered a different pharmaceutical composition and the different pharmaceutical composition was determined not to be therapeutically effective.

13 . A method of determining the efficacy of a treatment in a subject, the method comprising:

determining a first level of neurofilament light chain protein level in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a first time point;

determining a second level of neurofilament light chain protein level in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a second time point, wherein the subject received at least one dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof, between the first and the second time points; and

identifying the pharmaceutical composition as being effective in a subject having a reduced second level of neurofilament light chain protein as compared to the first level of neurofilament light chain protein.

14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the subject is a participant in a clinical trial.

15 . The method of claim 13 or 14 , wherein the method further comprises administering one or more additional doses of the pharmaceutical composition identified as being effective to the subject.

16 . A method of treating a subject, the method comprising:

selecting a subject having an elevated second level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a second time point, as compared to a first level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a first time point; and

administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof, to the selected subject.

17 . A method of selecting a treatment for a subject, the method comprising:

identifying a subject having an elevated second level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a second time point, as compared to a first level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a first time point; and

selecting a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof, for the identified subject.

18 . A method of selecting a subject for treatment, the method comprising:

identifying a subject having an elevated second level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a second time point, as compared to a first level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a first time point; and

selecting the identified subject for treatment with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof.

19 . A method of selecting a subject for participation in a clinical trial, the method comprising:

identifying a subject having an elevated second level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a second time point, as compared to a first level of neurofilament light chain protein in a sample comprising cerebrospinal fluid, blood, serum, or plasma obtained from the subject at a first time point; and

selecting the identified subject for participation in a clinical trial that comprises administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or isomer thereof.

20 . The method of any one of claims 13 - 19 , wherein the subject has not been diagnosed with a neurological disorder or neural tissue damage.

21 . The method of any one of claims 13 - 20 , wherein the subject does not present with a symptom of a neurological disorder or neural tissue damage.

22 . The method of any one of claims 13 - 19 , wherein the subject has been diagnosed as having a neurological disorder or neural tissue damage.

23 . The method of any one of claims 13 - 22 , wherein the method further comprises performing an assay to determine the first level and second levels of neurofilament light chain protein in the sample obtained from the subject at the first time point and the second time point, respectively.

24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein the assay is a single-molecule array assay.

25 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the method further comprises administering the selected treatment to the identified subject.

26 . The method of any one of claims 13 - 25 , wherein the subject has been previously administered a different pharmaceutical composition and the different pharmaceutical composition was determined not to be therapeutically effective.