Energy storage controller with battery life model

1. An electrical energy storage system comprising:

a battery configured to store electric power and discharge electric power to an energy grid;

a power inverter configured to control an amount of the electric power stored to or discharged from the battery; and

a controller configured to

determine battery power setpoints for the power inverter based on a battery life model, the battery life model including at least one variable that depends on the battery power setpoints,

determine an amount of battery degradation for the battery based on the at least one variable,

estimate an amount of frequency response revenue to be lost due to the amount of battery degradation for the battery, and

modify the battery power setpoints based on the estimated amount of frequency response revenue to be lost due to the amount of battery degradation for the battery.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of battery degradation includes an amount of battery capacity loss.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the battery power setpoints include frequency regulation power setpoints and ramp rate control power setpoints.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the frequency regulation power setpoints are based on a frequency of the energy grid; and

wherein the ramp rate control power setpoints are based on a power output of a photovoltaic field.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one variable is selected from the group consisting of a temperature of the battery, a state-of-charge of the battery, a depth of discharge of the battery, a power ratio of the battery, and an effort ratio of the battery.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to estimate an amount of frequency response revenue to be gained based on the battery power setpoints.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to modify the battery power setpoints as a function of the amount of frequency response revenue to be gained based on the battery power setpoints.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the battery life model is a parametric model including a regression coefficient for the at least one variable of the battery life model.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the controller is further configured to perform a curve fitting process to determine a value for the regression coefficient.

10. A method of operating an electrical energy storage system, the method comprising:

determining battery power setpoints for a power inverter based on a battery life model, the battery life model including at least one variable that depends on the battery power setpoints;

determining an amount of battery degradation for the battery based on the at least one variable;

estimating an amount of frequency response revenue to be lost due to the amount of battery degradation for the battery; and

modifying the battery power setpoints based on the estimated amount of frequency response revenue to be lost due to the amount of battery degradation for the battery.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the amount of battery degradation includes an amount of battery capacity loss.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the battery power setpoints include frequency regulation power setpoints and ramp rate control power setpoints.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the frequency regulation power setpoints are based on a frequency of an energy grid; and

wherein the ramp rate control power setpoints are based on a power output of a photovoltaic field.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one variable is selected from the group consisting of a temperature of the battery, a state-of-charge of the battery, a depth of discharge of the battery, a power ratio of the battery, and an effort ratio of the battery.

15. The method of claim 10 , further comprising estimating an amount of frequency response revenue to be gained based on the battery power setpoints.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising modifying the battery power setpoints as a function of the amount of frequency response revenue to be gained based on the battery power setpoints.

17. A controller for an electrical energy storage system, the controller including a computer readable medium and a processor, the controller comprising computer executable instructions stored in the computer readable medium for controlling the electrical energy storage system to:

determine battery power setpoints for the power inverter based on a battery life model, the battery life model including at least one variable that depends on the battery power setpoints;

determine an amount of battery degradation for the battery based on the at least one variable;

estimate an amount of frequency response revenue to be lost due to the amount of battery degradation for the battery; and

modify the battery power setpoints based on the estimated amount of frequency response revenue to be lost due to the amount of battery degradation for the battery.

18. The controller of claim 17 , the controller further comprising computer executable instructions stored in the computer readable medium for controlling the electrical energy storage system to:

estimate an amount of frequency response revenue to be gained based on the battery power setpoints.

19. The controller of claim 18 , the controller further comprising computer executable instructions stored in the computer readable medium for controlling the electrical energy storage system to:

modify the battery power setpoints as a function of the amount of frequency response revenue to be gained based on the battery power setpoints.

20. The controller of claim 17 , wherein the amount of battery degradation includes an amount of battery capacity loss.