Laser-textured thin-film semiconductors by melting and ablation
A photovoltaic device and a method of making the photovoltaic device are disclosed. The photovoltaic device may include a semiconductor layer epitaxially grown using a compound semiconductor material, such as a group III-V semiconductor material, wherein a surface of the semiconductor layer is textured via one or more laser pulses of a laser. The photovoltaic device may also include a dielectric layer deposited over the textured surface of the semiconductor layer, and a back metal reflector provided on the dielectric layer. The textured surface extends a path of light traveling through the photovoltaic device to increase absorption of the light within the photovoltaic device.
1. A method for texturing a layer in a photovoltaic device, comprising:
providing a semiconductor layer including a compound semiconductor material;
applying one or more laser pulses to a surface of the semiconductor layer to cause melting of one or more portions of the surface of the semiconductor layer by each of the one or more laser pulses, and form a melted area of the surface of the semiconductor layer;
solidifying the melted area of the surface of the semiconductor layer to form a textured area of the surface of the semiconductor layer that is one of an amorphized area or recrystallized area, wherein a lateral dimension of a portion of the textured area is formed to have a length equivalent to a wavelength of light to be absorbed by one or more materials of the photovoltaic device; and
depositing one or more layers over the textured area of the surface of the semiconductor layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound semiconductor material comprises a group III-V semiconductor material.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the group III-V semiconductor material comprises a combination of two or more of gallium (Ga), arsenide (As), aluminum (Al), indium (In), or phosphorus (P).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises a p-type semiconductor material.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more laser pulses are a plurality of laser pulses, and
wherein the method further comprises:
patterning the plurality of laser pulses over the surface of the semiconductor layer to form the textured area.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more laser pulses are a plurality of laser pulses, and
wherein the method further comprises:
overlapping laser pulses of the plurality of laser pulses over the surface of the semiconductor layer to form the textured area.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more laser pulses are a plurality of laser pulses, and
wherein the method further comprises:
varying one or more of an intensity of the plurality of laser pulses, a spatial separation of the plurality of laser pulses, a temporal separation of the plurality of laser pulses, a temporal or spatial shape of the plurality of laser pulses, a duration of the plurality of laser pulses, a wavelength of the plurality of laser pulses, or an atmosphere where the plurality of laser pulses interact with the surface, to cause the melting of the one or more portions of the surface of the semiconductor layer.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
varying one or more of a spot size of the one or more laser pulses, a pitch of the one or more laser pulses, a frequency of the one or more laser pulses, or an energy of the one or more laser pulses, to cause the melting of the one or more portions of the surface of the semiconductor layer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more layers includes a dielectric layer.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more layers includes a back reflector layer.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the back reflector layer comprises a metal reflector.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic device is a thin-film photovoltaic device.