Activated porous fibers and products including same
A composition including inorganic fibers having a surface area of at least 5 m 2 /g and an active agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers. Products including the composition may include fiber aggregates, composite materials, filter elements, catalytic elements, exhaust gas treatment devices and other exhaust system components, and papers.
1. A fiber blanket comprising:
inorganic fibers having a surface area of at least 15 m 2 /g;
an active agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers; and
a sorbent for lead or cadmium incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers;
wherein the active agent is present in an amount, based on a total weight of the composition, of 1 to 25 percent by weight;
wherein the inorganic fibers have a median fiber diameter of 1 to 10 μm;
wherein the inorganic fibers comprise:
(i) fibers comprising 50 weight percent by weight or greater silica; and/or
(ii) fibers comprising 50 weight percent by weight or greater alumina; and/or
(iii) zirconia fibers comprising less than 1 percent by weight titania;
wherein the sorbent for lead or cadmium is an alumino-silicate compound; and
wherein the fiber blanket is formed via air-laying.
2. The fiber blanket according to claim 1 , wherein the active agent is a transitional metal-containing catalyst.
3. The fiber blanket according to claim 2 , wherein the active agent is present in an amount, based on a total weight of the fiber blanket, of 2 to 20 percent by weight, 3 to 15 percent by weight, or 3 to 10 percent by weight.
4. The fiber blanket according to claim 2 , wherein the active agent comprises a platinum group metal-containing catalyst.
5. The fiber blanket according to claim 2 , further comprising at least one secondary agent selected from a carbon dioxide capturing agent or a nitrogen oxide capturing agent;
wherein the secondary agent is incorporated into the inorganic fibers or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers.
6. The fiber blanket according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a median fiber diameter of 4 to 10 μm and less than 0.1 percent by weight of the inorganic fibers have a diameter of less than 3 μm.
7. The fiber blanket according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a melting point of 1500° C. or greater.
8. An emission control device comprising:
a fiber blanket formed via air-laying and comprising inorganic fibers having a surface area of at least 15 m 2 /g, an active agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers, and a sorbent for lead or cadmium incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers; and
a permeable support, wherein the fiber blanket is enclosed within the permeable support and the permeable support allows fluid communication therethrough;
wherein the active agent is present in an amount, based on a total weight of the fiber blanket, of 1 to 25 percent by weight;
wherein the inorganic fibers have a median fiber diameter of 1 to 10 μm;
wherein the inorganic fibers comprise:
(i) fibers comprising 50 weight percent by weight or greater silica; and/or
(ii) fibers comprising 50 weight percent by weight or greater alumina; and/or
(iii) zirconia fibers comprising less than 1 percent by weight titania; and
wherein the sorbent for lead or cadmium is an alumino-silicate compound.
9. The device according to claim 8 , wherein the active agent is a transition metal-containing catalyst.
10. The device according to claim 9 , wherein the active agent is present in an amount, based on a total weight of the composition, of 3 to 10 percent by weight.
11. The device according to claim 9 , wherein the active agent comprises a platinum group metal-containing catalyst.
12. The device according to claim 9 , further comprising at least one secondary agent selected from a carbon dioxide capturing agent or a nitrogen oxide capturing agent;
wherein the secondary agent is incorporated into the inorganic fibers or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers.
13. The device according to claim 8 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a median fiber diameter of 4 to 10 μm and less than 0.1 percent by weight of the inorganic fibers have a diameter of less than 3 μm.
14. The device according to claim 9 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a melting point of 1500° C. or greater.
15. The device according to claim 9 , wherein the permeable support is a mesh.
16. The device according to claim 15 , wherein the permeable support is a metallic mesh or a polymeric mesh.
17. The fiber blanket according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide capturing agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers;
wherein the carbon dioxide capturing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of barium carbonate, barium oxide, and barium hydroxide; and
wherein the carbon dioxide capturing agent present in an amount, based on a total weight of the fiber blanket, of 0.001 to 2 percent by weight.
18. The device according to claim 10 , further comprising a carbon dioxide capturing agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers;
wherein the carbon dioxide capturing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of barium carbonate, barium oxide, and barium hydroxide; and
wherein the carbon dioxide capturing agent present in an amount, based on a total weight of the fiber blanket, of 0.001 to 2 percent by weight.
19. The fiber blanket according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic fibers comprise 95 to 97 percent by weight alumina and 3 to 5 percent by weight silica.
20. The fiber blanket according to claim 19 , wherein the inorganic fibers comprise crystalline alumina to promote crystallographic growth and wherein a content of the crystalline alumina is less than 1 percent by weight.
21. The fiber blanket according to claim 20 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a pore diameter distribution of 10 to 200 angstroms.
22. The fiber blanket according to claim 21 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a pore diameter distribution of 50 to 200 angstroms.
23. The device according to claim 8 , wherein the inorganic fibers comprise 95 to 97 percent by weight alumina and 3 to 5 percent by weight silica.
24. The device according to claim 23 , wherein the inorganic fibers comprise crystalline alumina to promote crystallographic growth and wherein a content of the crystalline alumina is less than 1 percent by weight.
25. The device according to claim 24 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a pore diameter distribution of 10 to 200 angstroms.
26. The device according to claim 24 , wherein the inorganic fibers have a pore diameter distribution of 50 to 200 angstroms.
27. A fiber blanket consisting of:
inorganic fibers having a surface area of at least 15 m 2 /g;
an active agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers; and
optionally, a secondary agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers;
wherein the active agent is one or more transition metal-containing catalysts;
wherein the active agent is present in an amount, based on a total weight of the fiber blanket, of 1 to 25 percent by weight;
wherein the inorganic fibers have a median fiber diameter of 1 to 10 μm;
wherein the inorganic fibers consist of:
(i) fibers having 50 weight percent by weight or greater silica; and/or
(ii) fibers having 50 weight percent by weight or greater alumina; and/or
(iii) zirconia fibers having less than 1 percent by weight titania;
wherein the secondary agent consists of calcium oxide, barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, an alumino-silicate composition, or combinations thereof; and
wherein the fiber blanket is formed via air-laying.
28. The fiber blanket of claim 27 , wherein the inorganic fibers contain 95 to 97 percent by weight alumina and 3 to 5 percent by weight silica.
29. The fiber blanket of claim 27 , wherein the fiber blanket comprises the secondary agent incorporated into the inorganic fibers and/or applied onto at least a portion of the inorganic fibers.