Tread enhancement additives for tires
A composition comprising a tread enhancement additive for use in a number of applications including tires is disclosed. The tread enhancement additive is prepared from an unmodified alkyl phenol resin by reducing the hydroxyl value of the unmodified alkyl phenol resin, forming a modified alkyl phenol resin having a decreased hydroxyl value. The composition exhibits improved performance characteristics such as enhanced wet grip and decreased rolling resistance and improved abrasion resistance.
1. A composition comprising a blend of:
a rubber component and based on 100 parts by weight (phr) of the rubber component;
from 50 to 200 phr of a filler;
from 0 to 25 phr of a plasticizer;
from 5 to 75 phr of a modified alkyl phenol resin having a T g from 40° C. to 135° C., a softening point from 50° C. to 200° C., and a hydroxyl value in a range of 0 to 50;
wherein the modified alkyl phenol resin is prepared via any of:
a post polymerization modification of an unmodified alkyl phenol resin to covert phenolic OH groups of the unmodified alkyl phenol resin to an ether-group with an alkylating agent, thereby further reducing the OH groups by at least 20 mol %; or
polymerizing anisole, diphenyl ether or combinations thereof, with terpene, styrene, isoprene, dicyclopentadiene, vinyl aromatic, unsaturated olefin or combinations thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkylating agent is an alkyl halide.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the alkyl halide is selected from 1-iodopropane and 1-chloropropane.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the modified alkyl phenol resin is a terpene phenol ether.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the unmodified alkyl phenol is a terpene phenol resin having a ratio of terpene to phenol ranging from 95:5 to 60:40, a softening point temperature in the range of from 100° C. to 170° C., a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from 300 Daltons (Da) to 1000 Da, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of from 1.25 to 1.45.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the unmodified alkyl phenol is a terpene phenol resin having a melt viscosity (150° C.) of 12000 to 15000 mPas.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the unmodified alkyl phenol comprises terpenyl as its alkyl moiety.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the modified alkyl phenol resin is derived from a substituted phenol, an unsubstituted phenol or both.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the modified alkyl phenol resin comprises aromatic hydrocarbon monomers, non-aromatic hydrocarbon monomers, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, C4 monomers, C5 monomers, C9 monomers, isoprene, amylene, piperylene, or derivatives thereof.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the modified alkyl phenol resin comprises α-pinene, β-pinene, D-limonene, dipentene (racemic limonene), δ-3 carene, β-phellandrene and pyrolysates of α-pinene, β-pinene, δ-3 carene, δ-2 carene, turpentine, or combinations thereof.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a coupling agent selected from the group of: a sulfur-based coupling agent, an organic peroxide-based coupling agent, an inorganic coupling agent, a polyamine coupling agent, a resin coupling agent, a sulfur compound-based coupling agent, oxime-nitrosamine-based coupling agent, and sulfur.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the rubber component is selected from the group of natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), synthetic polyisoprene rubber, epoxylated natural rubber, polybutadiene rubber, nitrile-hydrogenated butadiene rubber NHBR, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene rubber HSBR, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, maleic acid-modified ethylene propylene rubber, butyl rubber, isobutylene-aromatic vinyl or diene monomer copolymers, brominated-NR, chlorinated-NR, brominated isobutylene p-methyl styrene copolymer, chloroprene rubber, epichlorohydrin homopolymers rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide or allyl glycidyl ether copolymer rubbers, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether terpolymer rubbers, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, maleic acid-modified chlorinated polyethylene, methylvinyl silicone rubber, dimethyl silicone rubber, methylphenylvinyl silicone rubber, polysulfide rubber, vinylidene fluoride rubbers, tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubbers, fluorinated silicone rubbers, fluorinated phosphagen rubbers, styrene elastomers, thermoplastic olefin elastomers, polyester elastomers, urethane elastomers, and polyamide elastomers.
13. A tire comprising the composition of claim 1 .
14. A method for preparing a rubber composition comprising
mixing a rubber component and based on 100 parts by weight (phr) of the rubber component,
from 50 to 200 phr of a filler,
from 0 to 25 phr of a plasticizer,
from 5 to 75 phr of a modified alkyl phenol resin having a T g from 40° C. to 135° C., a softening point from 50° C. to 200° C., and a hydroxyl value in a range of 0 to 50,
wherein the modified alkyl phenol resin is prepared via a post polymerization modification of an unmodified alkyl phenol resin to covert phenolic OH groups of the unmodified alkyl phenol resin to an ether-group with an alkylating agent, thereby further reducing the OH groups by at least 20 mol %; or
wherein the modified alkyl phenol resin is prepared by polymerizing anisole, diphenyl ether or combinations thereof, with terpene, styrene, isoprene, dicyclopentadiene, vinyl aromatic, unsaturated olefin or combinations thereof;
thermomechanically kneading the mixture; and
incorporating a cross-linking system.
15. The tire of claim 13 , wherein the tire has a DIN abrasion value improvement of at least 15% over the DIN abrasion value of a tire comprising an equal amount of an unmodified alkyl phenol resin.
16. The tire of claim 13 , wherein the tire has a reduction in rolling resistance expressed as tan δ at 60° C. of at least 5% less the tan δ at 60° C. of a tire comprising an equal amount of an unmodified alkyl phenol resin.
17. The tire of claim 13 , wherein the tire has an increase in wet grip resistance expressed as tan δ at 0° C. of at least 5% more than the tan δ at 0° C. of a tire comprising an equal amount of an unmodified alkyl phenol resin.
18. The tire of claim 13 , wherein the tire has a rolling resistance expressed as tan δ at 60° C. of less than 0.20 and a tan δ at 0° C. of at least 0.50.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkylation agent is selected from the group of alkyl halides such as methyl bromide; methyl iodide; ethyl iodide; 1-bromopropane; 1-iodopropane; 1-bromobutane; 1-iodoheptane; 1-bromooctane; 1-iodononane; 1-bromodecane; 1-bromotridecane; 1-bromotetradecane; 1-bromopentadecane; 1-bromohexadecane; and 3-iodoeicosane, and (2-iodoethyl)benzene, in the presence of potassium carbonate and a phase transfer catalyst, for example, 18-crown-6 ether and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the etherification reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent selected from acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, or methyl isobutyl ketone.