Method of improving wellbore integrity and loss control
A method for enhancing wellbore integrity and/or for sealing a wellbore by sealing formation or micro-annulus fractures in a wellbore. Such sealing can be at least partially accomplished by the use of timed expansion of an expandable sealant material that is placed a wellbore. The expansion of the expandable sealant material causes the cement surface or formation surface to be compressed, thereby creating a tight seal and/or eliminating annulus cracking, fracture, and/or gas channels in the wellbore. A degradable polymer can be used when restoration of the wellbore formation is desired.
1. An expandable cement comprising 60-95 wt. % cement and 5-40 wt. % expandable sealant material, said expandable cement formulated to expand 2-10 vol. % due to expansion of said expandable sealant material, said expandable sealant material including an elastomer and 5-70 wt. % of an expandable filler, said elastomer including one or more materials selected from the group consisting of nylon/polyarylates, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyureas, polyesters, epoxys, polypropylene, polyethylene, TPU, rubber, PVA, PVC, thermoplastic polyolefinelastomers, TPO, thermoplastic vulcanizates, TPV, thermoplastic polyurethanes, TPU, thermoplastic copolyester, TPC, thermoplastic polyamides, TPA and TPZ, said expandable filler material including one or more materials selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, Li 2 O, borate, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese, germanium, calcium, aluminum, sodium, lithium, zinc, silicon, titanium, Ca 2 C, MgH 2 , TiH 2 , water-swellable clay, CO 2 -swellable clay, phosphate compound, carbide compound, silicate compound, borate compound, and sulfate compound.
2. A wellbore that includes a casing and an expandable sealant material, said expandable sealant material is a) coated on at least a portion of an outer surface of said casing and/or b) intermixed with concrete that is positioned between said casing and in outer surface of said wellbore, said expandable sealant material including an elastomer and 5-70 wt. % of an expandable filler, said elastomer including one or more materials selected from the group consisting of nylon/polyarylates, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyureas, polyesters, epoxys, polypropylene, polyethylene, TPU, rubber, PVA, PVC, thermoplastic polyolefinelastomers, TPO, thermoplastic vulcanizates, TPV, thermoplastic polyurethanes, TPU, thermoplastic copolyester, TPC, thermoplastic polyamides, TPA and TPZ, said expandable filler material including one or more materials selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, Li 2 O, borate, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese, germanium, calcium, aluminum, sodium, lithium, zinc, silicon, titanium, Ca 2 C, MgH 2 , TiH 2 , water-swellable clay, CO 2 -swellable clay, phosphate compound, carbide compound, silicate compound, borate compound, and sulfate compound.
3. A method for improving integrity of a wellbore, wherein said method comprises:
a. providing an expandable sealant material, said expandable material including an elastomer and 5-70 wt. % of an expandable filler, said elastomer including one or more materials selected from the group consisting of nylon/polyarylates, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyureas, polyesters, epoxys, polypropylene, polyethylene, TPU, rubber, PVA, PVC, thermoplastic polyolefinelastomers, TPO, thermoplastic vulcanizates, TPV, thermoplastic polyurethanes, TPU, thermoplastic copolyester, TPC, thermoplastic polyamides, TPA and TPZ, said expandable filler material including one or more materials selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, Li 2 O, borate, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese, germanium, calcium, aluminum, sodium, lithium, zinc, silicon, titanium, Ca 2 C, MgH 2 , TiH 2 , water-swellable clay, CO 2 -swellable clay, phosphate compound, carbide compound, silicate compound, borate compound, and sulfate compound;
b. providing a casing for a wellbore;
c. inserting said casing into said wellbore;
d. inserting cement between an outer wall of said casing and a wellbore wall of said wellbore to form a cement layer;
e. allowing said cement layer to set to form a permanent seal between said outer wall of said casing and said wellbore wall;
f. placing said expandable sealant material in said wellbore between said outer wall of said casing and said wellbore wall after said casing has been inserted into said wellbore, said step of placing includes i) mixing said expandable sealant material with said cement prior to said step of inserting said cement between said outer wall of said casing and said wellbore wall of said wellbore, ii) placing said expandable sealant material between said outer wall of said casing and said wellbore wall of said wellbore, and/or iii) adding said expandable sealant material to a drilling fluid and/or a completion fluid prior to and/or after said step of inserting said cement between said outer wall of said casing and said wellbore wall of said wellbore; and,
g. causing said expandable sealant material to expand to create compressive stresses to one or more structures selected from the group consisting of said cement layer, said wellbore wall, and said outer wall of said casing, said expandable sealant material used to facilitate in sealing said wellbore and/or a fracture in said wellbore to thereby prevent flow of wellbore fluid between said outer wall of said casing and said wellbore wall, said step of causing said expandable sealant material to expand includes exposing said expandable sealant material to a pH change, a chemical environment change, exposure to an electric current, temperature change, sound waves, and/or electromagnetic radiation.
4. The method as defined in claim 3 , wherein said expandable sealant material is mixed with a cement to form a cement mixture prior to said cement mixture being inserted into said wellbore, said cement mixture including at least 3 wt. % expandable sealant material and at least 60 wt. % cement, said cement mixture formulated to expand 2-10 vol. %.
5. The method as defined in claim 3 , wherein said expandable sealant material is mixed with said drilling fluid or completion fluid prior to said expandable sealant material being inserted into said wellbore.
6. The method as defined in claim 5 , wherein said expandable sealant material has a density of about 1-2 g/cc.
7. The method as defined in claim 6 , wherein said expandable sealant material includes a low density filler having a density of less than 1 g/cc.
8. The method as defined in claim 6 , wherein said expandable sealant material has a density of ±0-30% of a density of said wellbore fluid or said completion fluid.
9. The method as defined in claim 5 , wherein said expandable sealant material is formulated to expands in volume by 50-500%.
10. The method as defined in claim 3 , wherein said expandable sealant material includes 5-45 wt. % expandable filler, 35-90 wt. % thermoplastic elastomer, 0-25 wt. % surfactant, and 0-10 wt. % adhesive.
11. The method as defined in claim 10 , wherein said expandable sealant material includes surfactant and/or adhesive.