Delivery of cargo proteins via ARRDC1-mediated microvesicles (ARMMs)

1. An arrestin domain-containing protein 1 (ARRDC1)-mediated microvesicle (ARMM), comprising:

(i) a lipid bilayer and an ARRDC1 protein, and

(ii) a cargo protein fused to one or more WW domains, wherein the cargo protein is a therapeutic agent.

2. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein the cargo protein is incorporated into the ARMM via association of the WW domain fused to the cargo protein with the PPXY motif of ARRDC1.

3. The microvesicle of claim 1 wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of CAS9, a transcription factor, a tumor suppressor, a developmental regulator, a growth factor, a metastasis suppressor, a pro-apoptotic protein, a nuclease, and a recombinase, and a reprogramming factor.

4. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein the cargo protein is fused to two, three, four or five WW domains.

5. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the WW domains is a WW domain of the ubiquitin ligase WWP1, WWP2, Nedd4-1, Nedd4-2, Smurf1, Smurf2, ITCH, NEDL1, or NEDL2.

6. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the WW domains comprises any one of the amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, and SEQ ID NO: 64.

7. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein the cargo protein is a recombinant protein.

8. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein the one or more WW domains are fused to the N-terminus of the cargo protein.

9. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein the one or more WW domains are fused to the C-terminus of the cargo protein.

10. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein the ARRDC1 protein comprises any one of the ARRDC1 amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 15-17.

11. The microvesicle of claim 1 further comprising a targeting moiety.

12. The microvesicle of claim 11 , wherein the targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin, an integrin, a receptor, a receptor ligand, an aptamer, and a small molecule.

13. The microvesicle of claim 1 , wherein the cargo protein is associated with a small molecule.

14. A method of delivering a cargo protein to a target cell, the method comprising contacting the target cell with the microvesicle of claim 1 .

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the contacting is in vitro.

16. A method of delivering a cargo protein to a target cell, the method comprising administering the microvesicle of claim 1 to a subject, wherein the target cell is a cell in the subject.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the subject is a human.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the target cell is a pathological cell.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the target cell is a cancer cell.

20. A method for producing the microvesicle of claim 1 , comprising:

(i) incorporating into a mammalian cell one or more nucleic acid molecules which encode ARRDC1 and an exogenous cargo protein fused to one or more WW domains;

(ii) culturing the mammalian cell of (i) under conditions in which the ARRDC1 and the cargo proteins are expressed; and

(iii) purifying the microvesicle from a culture media of (ii).

21. An arrestin domain-containing protein 1 (ARRDC1)-mediated microvesicle (ARMM), comprising:

(i) a lipid bilayer and an ARRDC1 protein, and

(ii) a cargo protein fused to one or more WW domains, wherein the cargo protein is a prophylactic agent.

22. A method of delivering a cargo protein to a target cell, the method comprising contacting the target cell with the microvesicle of claim 21 .