Interior sensing
A controller for sensing interior motion includes a sensor structure having transmitting conductors and receiving conductors. The controller comprises circuitry to drive and sense signals on interacting pairs of conductors (the transmitting conductor or receiving conductor can act as the drive side, or as the sense side). Signals are processed to analyze changes in measured signal and analyzed to determine interior movement. When the controller is deployed proximate to human skin, movement of muscles, tendons and bones within the skin are reflected in the measured signals.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a wristband shaped to surround a volume of a wrist of a user, the wristband comprising:
one or more transmitting conductors adapted to transmit signals; and
one or more receiving conductors adapted to receive signals transmitted by the one or more transmitting conductors; and
drive and sense circuitry being adapted to:
dynamically adjust, before or during each of a plurality of sampling periods and while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, at least one user-interfacing characteristic of at least one of:
the one or more transmitting conductors; or
the one or more receiving conductors;
transmit, during each of the plurality of sampling periods, a signal from the one or more transmitting conductors;
measure, during each of the plurality of sampling periods, the signal at the one or more receiving conductors; and
determine, based upon signals measured during the plurality of sampling periods, an interior motion of one or more body parts within the volume surrounded by the wristbands.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interior motion of the one or more body parts determined by the drive and sense circuitry is at least one of:
a movement of a bone located within the volume of the wrist of the user;
a movement of a muscle located within the volume of the wrist of the user;
a movement of a tendon located within the volume of the wrist of the user; or
a movement of a ligament located within the volume of the wrist of the user.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a surface area of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
the drive and sense circuitry is adapted to dynamically adjust the user-interfacing characteristic by dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, a size of the surface area of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a surface area of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
the drive and sense circuitry is adapted to dynamically adjust the user-interfacing characteristic by dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, a size of the surface area of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a combined shape of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
the drive and sense circuitry is adapted to dynamically adjust the user-interfacing characteristic by dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the combined shape of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a combined shape of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
the drive and sense circuitry is adapted to dynamically adjust the user-interfacing characteristic by dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the combined shape of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented in a first row substantially aligned to a circumference of a first substantially cylindric section of the wristband;
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented in a second row substantially aligned to a circumference of a second substantially cylindric section of the wristband, wherein the first substantially cylindric section and the second substantially cylindric section are substantially parallel; and
the one or more transmitting conductors are offset from the one or more receiving conductors.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented in a saw-tooth pattern substantially aligned to a circumference of a first substantially cylindric section of the wristband; and
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented in an opposing saw-tooth pattern substantially aligned to a circumference of a second substantially cylindric section of the wristband, wherein the first substantially cylindric section and the second substantially cylindric section are substantially parallel.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented in a saw-tooth pattern substantially aligned to a circumference of a first substantially cylindric section of the wristband; and
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented in a matching saw-tooth pattern substantially aligned to a circumference of a second substantially cylindric section of the wristband, wherein the first substantially cylindric section and the second substantially cylindric section are substantially parallel.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a matching shape of each of the one or more transmitting conductors is different from a matching shape of the one or more receiving conductors.
11. A method comprising:
dynamically adjusting, before or during each of a plurality of sampling periods and while a wristband shaped to surround a volume of a wrist of a user is secured to the wrist of the user, at least one user-interfacing characteristic of at least one of:
one or more transmitting conductors integrated into the wristband; or
one or more receiving conductors integrated into the wristband;
during each of the plurality of sampling periods:
transmitting a signal from the one or more transmitting conductors; and
receiving the signal at the one or more receiving conductors; and
determining, based upon signals received during the plurality of sampling periods, an interior motion of one or more body parts within the volume surrounded by the wristband.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a surface area of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the surface area of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a surface area of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the surface area of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a shape of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the shape of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a shape of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the shape of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a number of the one or more transmitting conductors used for transmitting the signal; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the number of the one or more transmitting conductors used for transmitting the signal.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a number of the one or more receiving conductors used for receiving the signal; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the number of the one or more receiving conductors used for receiving the signal.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more transmitting conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a length of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the length of the one or more transmitting conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more receiving conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband;
the user-interfacing characteristic comprises a length of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, the length of the one or more receiving conductors interfacing with the skin of the wrist of the user.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the wristband comprises a curved inner surface for interfacing with skin of the wrist of the user;
the one or more transmitting conductors and the one or more receiving conductors are oriented along the curved surface of the wristband; and
dynamically adjusting the user-interfacing characteristic comprises dynamically adjusting, while the wristband is secured to the wrist of the user, how the one or more transmitting conductors used for transmitting the signal are oriented relative to the one or more receiving conductors used for receiving the signal.