Apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor

1. An apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor in which an exo- or endothermic reaction can be conducted in a reaction medium, wherein the apparatus comprises:

the reactor,

a heat exchanger system,

a circulation vessel containing a temperature control fluid with which the heat exchanger system is fed,

a first shut-off fitting with which the temperature control fluid pressure can be adjusted,

a second shut-off fitting with which the temperature of the temperature control fluid can be monitored and controlled, and

a pump with which the temperature control fluid is guided within a circuit from the circulation vessel to the heat exchanger system, and with which the volume of temperature control fluid in the temperature control circuit can be adjusted,

wherein the heat exchanger system comprises at least one temperature control finger,

wherein the temperature control finger is a double tube consisting of an inner tube through which the temperature control fluid is introduced into the double tube and an outer tube which is in direct contact with a medium whose temperature is to be controlled and in which the return flow of the temperature control fluid is in an annular gap between inner tube and outer tube, wherein the inner tube of the double tube is thermally insulated, and

wherein the heat exchanger system is admitted into the reactor such that the outer tube of the temperature control finger is in contact with the reaction medium.

2. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the inner tube of the double tube of the heat exchanger is formed by a single- or double-sided coating with a thermally insulating material, by the construction of the inner tube from a thermally insulating solid material, or by the construction of the inner tube as a double tube, wherein a sealed cavity exists between the two tube walls of the inner double tube.

3. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the sealed cavity between the two tube walls of the inner double tube of the heat exchanger has been filled with a thermally insulating gas and/or a thermally insulating material or there is a vacuum in the cavity.

4. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises at least two temperature measurement devices for measuring the internal reactor temperature.

5. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the temperature control fluid is controlled as a function of an internal reactor temperature.

6. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure of the temperature control fluid is controlled as a function of a temperature differential (ΔT) between the internal reactor temperatures at the at least two temperature measurement devices in the reactor.

7. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature control fluid used is water, an aqueous solution, a water-based mixture, a heat-transfer fluid, a thermal oil or combinations thereof.

8. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a bubble column reactor, a jet loop reactor, a fixed bed reactor, a trickle bed reactor or combinations thereof.

9. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the exothermic reaction is a hydroformylation, a solution polymerization of gaseous monomers, a selective oxidation of organic compounds, a hydrogenation of C—C or C—X multiple bonds wherein X═O or N, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, if in the slurry phase, a carbonylation reaction, a hydroaminomethylation reaction, a hydrocyanation, a hydrogenation, a hydrosilylation, an oxidation, a pyrolysis, a steam reforming, a dehydrogenation, a dehydration, an oligomerization or combinations thereof.

10. The apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger system is guided into the reactor from the bottom, from the top or from the side and is correspondingly joined to the base, top or side flange of the reactor.

11. A method for controlling the temperature of a reactor, said method comprising:

cooling the reactor in which an exothermic reaction can be conducted, with the apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is the reactor of the apparatus.

12. A process for conducting exothermic chemical reactions in a reactor, the process comprising:

removing the heat of reaction by the apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature control fluid that flows through the heat exchanger system does not boil and the temperature differential between the coldest and warmest points in the reactor is less than 13 K.

13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the exothermic chemical reaction is a hydroformylation with a Co, Rh, Ru, Ir, Pd or Fe catalyst.

14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein a temperature differential between the coldest and warmest points in the reactor on performance of the reaction is less than 13 K.