Catheter system for introducing an expandable stent into the body of a patient
This disclosure relates to a catheter system for introducing a heart valve stent into the body of a patient. The catheter system includes a catheter tip having a seat portion for accommodating the stent in its collapsed state and a stent holder for releasably fixing the stent, wherein the seat portion is constituted by a first sleeve and a second sleeve, said sleeves being moveable relative to each other and relative to the stent holder, and a catheter shaft for connecting the catheter tip to a handle.
1. A delivery system for introducing an expandable stent into a heart of a patient, the delivery system comprising:
a stent; and
a catheter comprising a distal end portion for accommodating the stent in a collapsed configuration, the distal end portion comprising:
a catheter tube;
an end support coupled to a distal end of the catheter tube;
a stent holder;
a sheath movable relative to each of the catheter tube and the stent holder, the sheath having a first outer cross-sectional diameter equal to a second outer cross-sectional diameter of the end support;
a first compartment radially between the catheter tube and the first outer cross-sectional diameter of the sheath, and adjacent to the end support; and
a second compartment radially between the catheter tube and the first outer cross-sectional diameter of the sheath, the second compartment being proximal to the first compartment;
wherein an outer surface of the stent holder is tapered, and a proximal outer surface of the end support is tapered; and
wherein the stent is self-expandable and configured to be housed within the distal end of the catheter in a collapsed configuration, the stent comprising three arches and three retaining elements, the three retaining elements of the stent being releasably engaged with the stent holder.
2. The delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the distal end portion includes retaining elements configured to receive the three retaining elements of the stent.
3. The delivery system of claim 2 , wherein the retaining elements of the distal end portion are provided at a proximal end of the stent holder.
4. The delivery system of claim 2 , wherein the three retaining elements of the distal end are equidistant to one another.
5. The delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising an end tip that is cone-shaped.
6. The delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the catheter tube defines a lumen for receiving a guidewire.
7. The delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the catheter comprises a handle coupled to a shaft that includes the distal end portion, the shaft being flexible to allow the distal end portion to navigate through an aortic arch of the patient.
8. The delivery system of claim 7 , wherein the handle includes a rotational actuator operably connected to the sheath, and wherein rotational movement of the rotational actuator corresponds to longitudinal movement of the sheath.
9. The delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the stent housed within the first compartment of the distal end portion in the collapsed configuration.
10. The delivery system of claim 9 , wherein an apex of each arch points in a distal direction towards an end tip.
11. The delivery system of claim 9 , wherein the three retaining elements of the stent are in the form of retaining eyes.
12. A system for introducing a stent into a heart of a patient, the system comprising:
a stent; and
a catheter comprising a handle coupled to a shaft, wherein the shaft includes a distal end comprising:
a catheter tube;
an end support coupled to a distal end of the catheter tube;
a stent holder;
a sheath movable relative to each of the catheter tube and the stent holder, the sheath having a first outer cross-sectional diameter equal to a second outer cross-sectional diameter of the end support;
a first compartment radially between the catheter tube and the first outer cross-sectional diameter of the sheath, and adjacent to the end support; and
a second compartment radially between the catheter tube and the first outer cross-sectional diameter of the sheath, the second compartment being proximal to the first compartment;
wherein the stent is self-expandable and configured to be housed within the distal end in a collapsed configuration, the stent comprising three U-shaped arches and three retaining elements housed within the first compartment, the three retaining elements of the stent being releasably engaged with three corresponding retaining elements of the distal end; and
wherein an outer surface of the stent holder is tapered and a proximal outer surface of the end support is tapered.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the shaft is flexible to allow the distal end portion to navigate through an aortic arch of the patient.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein a proximal portion of the handle includes a rotational actuator operably connected to the sheath, and wherein rotational movement of the rotational actuator corresponds to longitudinal movement of the sheath relative to the catheter tube.
15. A method for introducing an expandable stent into a heart of a patient, the method comprising:
advancing a distal end portion of a catheter through an aortic arch of a patient towards an aortic valve of the patient, the distal end portion comprising:
a catheter tube;
an end support coupled to a distal end of the catheter tube and comprising a proximal outer surface that is tapered;
a stent holder comprising an outer surface that is tapered; and
a sheath movable relative to each of the catheter tube and the stent holder, the sheath having a first outer cross-sectional diameter equal to a second outer cross-sectional diameter of the end support;
a first compartment radially between the catheter tube and the first outer cross-sectional diameter of the sheath, and adjacent to the end support; and
a second compartment radially between the catheter tube and the first outer cross-sectional diameter of the sheath, the second compartment being proximal to the first compartment;
introducing the distal end portion through the aortic valve, such that the end support is positioned on a first side of the aortic valve, and the first compartment and the second compartment are each positioned at least partially on a second side of the aortic valve, wherein the first compartment contains three U-shaped arches of the stent in a collapsed configuration;
uncovering the three U-shaped arches such that the three U-shaped arches self-expand;
positioning each U-shaped arch within a corresponding pocket of the aortic valve; and
uncovering a remainder of the stent while at least a portion of the remainder of the stent is radially inward of native leaflets of the aortic valve and radially inward of the three U-shaped arches, such that the remainder of the stent self-expands radially outward towards the three U-shaped arches.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein uncovering the three U-shaped arches includes moving the sheath in a proximal direction by rotating a rotational actuator of the handle of the catheter.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the catheter tube defines a lumen that receives a guidewire, and the method further includes advancing the guidewire through the aortic arch before advancing the distal end portion of the catheter through the aortic arch.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the distal end portion of the catheter includes three retaining elements that are engaged with three corresponding retaining elements of the stent before the three U-shaped arches self-expand.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein uncovering the remainder of the stent includes moving the sheath in a proximal direction.