Hybrid electrochromic devices and methods
An electrochromic (EC) device and method of operating the same, the EC device including a transparent substrate, a working electrode disposed on the substrate and including electrochromic inorganic nanoparticles, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode, the electrolyte including an electrochromic organic material.
1. An electrochromic (EC) device comprising:
a transparent substrate;
a working electrode disposed on the substrate and comprising electrochromic inorganic nanoparticles;
a counter electrode; and
an electrolyte disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode, the electrolyte comprising an electrochromic organic material;
wherein the working electrode further comprises a flux material having a melting point ranging from about 25° C. to about 500° C., the flux material configured to prevent sintering of the nanoparticles at a temperature of up to about 700° C.; and
wherein the flux material comprises a lithium-rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP) material represented by the formula Li 3 OX, wherein X is F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof.
2. An electrochromic (EC) device comprising:
a transparent substrate;
a working electrode disposed on the substrate and comprising electrochromic inorganic nanoparticles;
a counter electrode; and
an electrolyte disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode, the electrolyte comprising an electrochromic organic material;
wherein the counter electrode comprises:
a passive layer disposed on the electrolyte and comprising passive nanoparticles and a flux material; and
a complementary layer disposed on the passive layer and comprising complementary nanoparticles and a matrix comprising a lithium metal oxide;
wherein in the passive layer:
the passive nanoparticles comprise CeO 2 nanoparticles and In 2 O 3 nanoparticles; and
the flux material comprises a lithium-rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP) material represented by the formula Li 3 OX, wherein X is F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof.
3. An electrochromic (EC) device comprising:
a transparent substrate;
a working electrode disposed on the substrate and comprising electrochromic inorganic nanoparticles;
a counter electrode; and
an electrolyte disposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode, the electrolyte comprising an electrochromic organic material;
wherein the counter electrode comprises:
a passive layer disposed on the electrolyte and comprising passive nanoparticles and a flux material; and
a complementary layer disposed on the passive layer and comprising complementary nanoparticles and a matrix comprising a lithium metal oxide;
wherein the complementary layer further comprises a flux material comprising a lithium-rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP) material represented by the formula Li 3 OX, wherein X is F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof.