METHODS OF HANDLING PAPAYA
Provided is a method of storing papaya comprising the step of exposing papaya to an atmosphere that contains a cyclopropene compound, wherein either (a) the papayas are in a modified-atmosphere package during exposure to the cyclopropene compound, or (b) the papayas are placed into a modified-atmosphere package after exposure to the cyclopropene compound, and the papaya remain in the modified atmosphere package for at least two hours. In some embodiments, the modified-atmosphere package is constructed so that the transmission rate of oxygen for the entire package is from 200 to 40,000 cubic centimeters per day per kilogram of papaya.
1 . A method of increasing shelf life of papayas, said method comprising the steps of
i) exposing papayas to an atmosphere that consists essentially of a cyclopropene compound, wherein either:
(a) the papayas are located within a modified-atmosphere package during exposure to the cyclopropene compound, or
(b) the papayas are placed into a modified-atmosphere package after exposure to the cyclopropene compound,
wherein the modified-atmosphere package allows exchange of at least one gas with a second atmosphere that is outside the modified-atmosphere package and in contact with the modified-atmosphere package;
wherein the papayas remain in the modified atmosphere package for at least two hours after exposure to the cyclopropene compound; and
ii) thereafter placing the papayas at room temperature,
wherein the method results in an increased shelf life of the papayas at room temperature, wherein the increased shelf life comprises one or more of
a delay of skin color changes of the papayas observed within 8 days of placing the papayas at room temperature,
a softening of internal pulp firmness of the papayas for consumption observed within 8 days of placing the papayas at room temperature, or
a retention of external pulp firmness of the papayas observed within 8 days of placing the papayas at room temperature.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified-atmosphere package has gas transmission that permits, for each kilogram of papaya , oxygen to be transmitted at a rate of from 200 to 40,000 cubic centimeters per day.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified-atmosphere package has gas transmission that permits, for each kilogram of papaya , carbon dioxide to be transmitted at a rate of from 500 to 150,000 cubic centimeters per day.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified-atmosphere package has a GT-30 or GT-25.4 for carbon dioxide at 23° C. from 800 to 150,000 cm 3 /(m 2 -day).
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified-atmosphere package has a GT-30 or GT-25.4 for oxygen at 23° C. from 200 to 150,000 cm 3 /(m 2 -day).
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified-atmosphere package has a GT-30 or GT-25.4 for water vapor at 37.8° C. from 5 to 1,000 g/(m 2 -day).
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the papayas are placed into a modified-atmosphere package within two hours after exposure to the cyclopropene compound.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclopropene compound is in a formulation with a molecular encapsulating agent.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclopropene compound is of the formula:
wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group; wherein the substituents are independently halogen, alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein R is C 1-8 alkyl.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein R is methyl.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclopropene compound of the formula:
wherein R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkenyl, C 1 -C 4 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group; and R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are hydrogen.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclopropene comprises 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
14 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the molecular encapsulating agent comprises alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, or combinations thereof.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the cyclopropene compound in the first atmosphere during the exposure is from 10 ppb to 5 ppm.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified-atmosphere package has a thickness of 50 micrometers or less.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified-atmosphere package has a thickness of about 25 micrometers or a thickness of about 30 micrometers.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method provides an improvement in the delay of skin color changes of the papayas observed within 4 days of placing the papayas at room temperature.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method provides an improvement in the softening of internal pulp firmness of the papayas for consumption observed within 4 days of placing the papayas at room temperature.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method provides an improvement in the retention of external pulp firmness of the papayas observed within 4 days of placing the papayas at room temperature.