Constant Strain PEX Expansion Tool Head
Various improved designs for expansion tool heads are disclosed herein that are structured (1) to provide improved and more-evenly distributed strain in the pipe during the expansion strokes of the tool head which can include more gradually inducing the strain in the pipe and/or (2) to avoid the induction of plastic deformation of the pipe in regions of seal formation between the radial-inwardly facing surface of the pipe and the radially-outward facing surface of the fittings (i.e., the ribs of the fitting) especially in instances in which the tool head is not rotated between separate expansion steps. This may be achieved, for example, by the use of convexly curved outer profiles that limit initial insertion depth of the tool in the pipe prior to expansions and/or by the use of a “hybrid” toothed profile.
1 . An expansion tool head for an expansion tool, the expansion tool head comprising:
a plurality of jaws extending from a base end to a tip end in which the jaws are arranged circumferentially around a central axis and each have a set of angularly-extending teeth interdigitating with the teeth of circumferentially adjacent jaws, the jaws collectively providing a curved outer surface, and the jaws being movable between a retracted position in which the jaws are brought together with one another and an expanded position in which the jaws are separated from one another; and
wherein a profile of the curved outer surface of the jaws varies over an axial length of the jaws such that, when the jaws are in the expanded position, the curved outer surface of adjacent jaws are tangent to one another at a first axial position proximate to the base end and such that, when the jaws are in the retracted position, the curved outer surface of adjacent jaws are tangent to one another at a second axial position proximate to the tip end.
2 . The expansion tool head of claim 1 , wherein the jaws further include circumferential ridges on the curved outer surface.
3 . The expansion tool head of claim 2 , wherein the circumferential ridges are on just a portion of the curved outer surface and a remainder of the curved outer surface is smooth.
4 . The expansion tool head of claim 3 , wherein the circumferential ridges on just the portion of the curved outer surface are located proximate the tip end and the curved surface proximate the base end is smooth.
5 . The expansion tool head of claim 1 , wherein the curved outer surface of the jaws tapers radially inward in the axial direction from the base end to the tip end in a continuous convex curve.
6 . The expansion tool head of claim 1 , wherein, when the jaws are in the retracted position, a first profile of the curved surface is larger than the diameter of the pipe at a first axial position proximate to the base end and a second profile of the curved surface is smaller than the diameter of the pipe at a second axial position proximate to the tip end.
7 . An expansion tool head for an expansion tool, the expansion tool head comprising:
a plurality of jaws extending from a base end to a tip end in which the jaws are arranged circumferentially around a central axis, the jaws collectively providing a curved outer surface and being movable between a retracted position in which the jaws are brought together with one another and an expanded position in which the jaws are separated from one another; and
wherein a profile of the curved outer surface of the jaws varies over an axial length of the jaws such that, when the jaws are in the expanded position, the curved outer surface of adjacent jaws are tangent to one another at a first axial position proximate to the base end and such that, when the jaws are in the retracted position, the curved outer surface of adjacent jaws are tangent to one another at a second axial position proximate to the tip end.
8 . The expansion tool head of claim 7 , wherein the jaws further include circumferential ridges on the curved outer surface.
9 . The expansion tool head of claim 8 , wherein the circumferential ridges are on just a portion of the curved outer surface and a remainder of the curved outer surface is smooth.
10 . The expansion tool head of claim 9 , wherein the circumferential ridges on just the portion of the curved outer surface are located proximate the tip end and the curved surface proximate the base end is smooth.
11 . The expansion tool head of claim 7 , wherein the curved outer surface of the jaws tapers radially inward in the axial direction from the base end to the tip end in a continuous convex curve.
12 . The expansion tool head of claim 7 , wherein, when the jaws are in the retracted position, a first profile of the curved surface is larger than the diameter of the pipe at a first axial position proximate to the base end and a second profile of the curved surface is smaller than the diameter of the pipe at a second axial position proximate to the tip end.
13 . An expansion tool head, the expansion tool head comprising:
a plurality of jaws extending from a base end to a tip end in which the jaws are arranged circumferentially around a central axis, the jaws collectively providing a curved outer surface, and the jaws being movable between a retracted position in which the jaws are brought together with one another and an expanded position in which the jaws are separated from one another; and
wherein the curved outer surface of the jaws tapers radially inward in the axial direction from the base end to the tip end in a continuous convex curve.
14 . The expansion tool head of claim 13 , wherein at least a portion of the jaws are configured to move outward radially such that, in the retracted position, the tip end of the jaws are together and such that, in the expanded position, the tip end of the jaws are separated and a radially outermost point of the curved surface is on the continuous convex curve between tip end and base end.
15 . The expansion tool head of claim 13 , wherein the jaws further include circumferential ridges on the curved outer surface.
16 . A method for expanding an axial end of a pipe to accommodate reception of a fitting, the fitting having an abutment flange for positioning the axial end of the pipe on the fitting and a rib for making a sealed connection in which the rib is separated from the abutment flange by a pre-established distance, the method comprising:
inserting a tip end of an expansion tool head into the axial end of the pipe, the expansion tool head including a set of jaws collectively shaped with respect to an opening of the pipe in order to limit an insertion distance of the tip end of the expansion tool head into the axial end of the pipe to an amount less than the pre-established distance between the abutment flange and rib;
actuating the jaws to move the jaws outward from a retracted position in which the jaws are positioned together with one another to an expanded position in which the jaws are separated from one another thereby expanding the axial end of the pipe.
17 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising the steps of:
actuating the jaws to move to the retracted position;
further inserting the expansion tool head into an additional section of the pipe; and
actuating the jaws to again move to the expanded position thereby expanding the additional section of the pipe at distance greater than the distance between the abutment flange and the rib of the fitting.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein, when the jaws are in the retracted position, a first profile of a curved surface collectively defined by the jaws is larger than the opening of the pipe at a first axial position proximate to a base end and a second profile of the curved surface is smaller than the opening of the PEX pipe at a second axial position proximate to the tip end.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the jaws each have a set of angularly-extending teeth interdigitating with the teeth of circumferentially adjacent jaws.
20 . The method of claim 16 , wherein a profile of a curved outer surface collectively defined by the jaws varies over an axial length of the jaws such that, when the jaws are in the expanded position, the curved outer surface of adjacent jaws are tangent to one another at a first axial position proximate to the base end and such that, when the jaws are in the retracted position, the curved outer surface of adjacent jaws are tangent to one another at a second axial position proximate to the tip end.
21 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the curved outer surface of the jaws tapers radially inward in the axial direction from the base end to the tip end in a continuous convex curve.
22 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the pipe is PEX pipe.
23 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the pipe is copper.
24 . The method of claim 16 , wherein, when the jaws are actuated, the tip ends of each of the jaws remain in contact with one another while their base ends are radially displaced relative to the central axis.
25 . The method of claim 16 , wherein, when the jaws are actuated, each of the jaws are displaced radially outward relative to a central axis at their respective base ends while the tip ends remain in contact with one another.
26 . The method of claim 16 , wherein, when the jaws are actuated, each of the jaws are displaced radially outward relative to a central axis at their respective base ends and their respective tip ends, with a radial distance of separation between the respective base ends and the central axis exceeds a radial distance of separation between the tip ends and the central axis.