Systems and methods for optical detection of refrigeration system abnormalities

1. A refrigeration system comprising:

an optical sensor disposed on a sight glass of the refrigeration system and configured to generate signals based on a light reflectivity of a liquid of the refrigeration system; and

an optical sensor control module that includes a processor configured to execute instructions stored in a nontransitory memory, wherein the instructions include:

receiving the signals from the optical sensor;

generating a frequency distribution of the signals based on frequency components of the signals; and

determining an amount of liquid in the refrigeration system based on the frequency distribution;

and wherein the instructions further include, in response to the liquid being a refrigerant:

generating the frequency distribution associated with the refrigerant, wherein the frequency distribution is based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the signals;

determining at least one probability, wherein each of the at least one probability corresponds to an amount of refrigerant of the refrigeration system; and

determining the amount of refrigerant of the refrigeration system based on the at least one probability.

2. The refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein in response to the liquid being the refrigerant, the instructions further include:

generating a weight ratio based on (i) a first sum of frequency components of a first set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution and (ii) a second sum of frequency components of a second set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution, wherein each value of each frequency bin of the first set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution is less than each value of each frequency bin of the second set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution, and each value of the frequency distribution is associated with dynamic flow characteristics of the refrigerant; and

in response to the weight ratio being less than a threshold weight ratio, generating a first alert signal indicating an insufficient amount of refrigerant of the refrigeration system.

3. The refrigeration system of claim 2 , wherein generating the weight ratio further comprises dividing the first sum of frequency components of the first set by the second sum of frequency components of the second set.

4. The refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein in response to the liquid being a lubricant of a compressor of the refrigeration system, the instructions further include:

generating the frequency distribution associated with the lubricant, wherein the frequency distribution is based on a standard deviation of the signals;

identifying a largest frequency component of the frequency distribution; and

determining an amount of lubricant based on the largest frequency component.

5. The refrigeration system of claim 4 , wherein the instructions further include determining whether the compressor is operating in a flooded state based on the largest frequency component.

6. The refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein in response to the liquid being a lubricant of a compressor of the refrigeration system, the instructions further include:

generating the frequency distribution associated with the lubricant, wherein the frequency distribution is based on a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the signals;

identifying a largest frequency component of the frequency distribution; and

determining an amount of lubricant based on the largest frequency component.

7. The refrigeration system of claim 6 , wherein the instructions further include determining whether the compressor is operating in a flooded state based on the largest frequency component.

8. The refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions include transmitting an alert signal based on the amount of liquid to at least one of a remote server and a local controller in communication with the optical sensor control module.

9. The refrigeration system of claim 8 , wherein the alert signal is configured to cause at least one of a computing device in communication with the remote server and the local controller to generate an indication corresponding to the alert signal.

10. A method comprising:

generating, using an optical sensor disposed on a sight glass of a refrigeration system, signals based on a light reflectivity of a liquid of the refrigeration system;

receiving, with an optical sensor control module, the signals from the optical sensor;

generating, with the optical sensor control module, a frequency distribution of the signals based on frequency components of the signals, wherein the optical sensor control module includes a processor configured to execute instructions stored in a nontransitory memory;

determining, using the optical sensor control module, an amount of liquid in the refrigeration system based on the frequency distribution; and

in response to the liquid being a refrigerant, (i) generating the frequency distribution associated with the refrigerant, wherein the frequency distribution is based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the signals, (ii) determining at least one probability, wherein each of the at least one probability corresponds to an amount of refrigerant of the refrigeration system, and (iii) determining the amount of refrigerant of the refrigeration system based on the at least one probability.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein in response to the liquid being the refrigerant, the method further comprises:

generating, using the optical sensor control module, a weight ratio based on (i) a first sum of frequency components of a first set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution and (ii) a second sum of frequency components of a second set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution, wherein each value of each frequency bin of the first set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution is less than each value of each frequency bin of the second set of frequency bins of the frequency distribution, and each value of the frequency distribution is associated with dynamic flow characteristics of the refrigerant; and

in response to the weight ratio being less than a threshold weight ratio, generating, using the optical sensor control module, a first alert signal indicating an insufficient amount of refrigerant of the refrigeration system.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein generating the weight ratio further comprises dividing the first sum of frequency components of the first set by the second sum of frequency components of the second set.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein in response to the liquid being a lubricant of a compressor of the refrigeration system, the method further comprises:

generating the frequency distribution associated with the lubricant, wherein the frequency distribution is based on a standard deviation of the signals;

identifying a largest frequency component of the frequency distribution; and

determining an amount of lubricant based on the largest frequency component.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method further includes determining whether the compressor is operating in a flooded state based on the largest frequency component.

15. The method of claim 10 , wherein in response to the liquid being a lubricant of a compressor of the refrigeration system, the method further comprises:

generating the frequency distribution associated with the lubricant, wherein the frequency distribution is based on a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the signals;

identifying a largest frequency component of the frequency distribution; and

determining an amount of lubricant based on the largest frequency component.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the method further includes determining whether the compressor is operating in a flooded state based on the largest frequency component.

17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method further includes transmitting an alert signal based on the amount of liquid to at least one of a remote server and a local controller in communication with the optical sensor control module.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the alert signal is configured to cause at least one of a computing device in communication with the remote server and the local controller to generate an indication corresponding to the alert signal.

19. A refrigeration system comprising:

an optical sensor disposed on a sight glass of the refrigeration system and configured to generate signals based on a light reflectivity of a liquid of the refrigeration system; and

an optical sensor control module having a processor and a nontransitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the processor to:

receive the signals from the optical sensor;

generate a frequency distribution of the signals based on frequency components of the signals;

determine an amount of liquid in the refrigeration system based on the frequency distribution; and

in response to the liquid being a lubricant of a compressor of the refrigeration system, (i) generate the frequency distribution associated with the lubricant, wherein the frequency distribution is based on a standard deviation of the signals, (ii) identify a largest frequency component of the frequency distribution; and (iii) determine an amount of lubricant based on the largest frequency component.

20. The refrigeration system of claim 19 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further configure the processor to determine whether the compressor is operating in a flooded state based on the largest frequency component.