LED surface modification with ultraviolet laser
A laser light is used to modify the surface of the gallium semiconductor layer of an LED. The parameters of the laser are selected so that the laser interacts with the gallium semiconductor layer in a desired manner to yield the desired surface properties. For example, if a particular surface roughness is desired, the power of the laser light is selected so that the laser light penetrates the gallium semiconductor layer to a depth matching the desired surface roughness. The same principles can also be applied in a process that creates features such as trenches, pits, lenses, and mirrors on the gallium semiconductor layer of an LED. The laser projector is operated to irradiate a region of the gallium semiconductor layer to create a region of metallic gallium. The desired surface roughness and the different features can advantageously improve the beam collimation, light extraction, and other properties of the LED.
1. A method, comprising:
determining a desired roughness for a light emitting face of a gallium semiconductor layer of a light emitting diode (LED), the light emitting face configured to emit light generated by the LED;
determining one or more laser parameters of a laser light to achieve the desired roughness when the laser light is projected onto the light emitting face of the gallium semiconductor layer, the laser parameters comprising a power of the laser light;
operating a laser projector to apply the laser light having the determined laser parameters onto the light emitting face of the gallium semiconductor layer, a portion of the gallium semiconductor layer absorbing the laser light to form a metallic gallium layer at the light emitting face; and
removing the metallic gallium layer from the gallium semiconductor layer to expose a light emitting face having the desired roughness.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gallium semiconductor layer includes gallium nitride.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser projector projects a pulsed ultraviolet (UV) laser light.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser projector is operated while the gallium semiconductor layer is attached to a substrate, and the laser light is transmitted to the light emitting face of the gallium semiconductor layer through the substrate, and further comprising melting the metallic gallium layer to debond the gallium semiconductor layer and the substrate.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the gallium semiconductor layer is grown on the substrate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired roughness is an arithmetical mean deviation of between 3 nm and 7 nm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired roughness is an arithmetical mean deviation of between 950 nm and 1050 nm.
8. A method, comprising:
determining a desired depth associated with a feature in a light emitting face of a gallium semiconductor layer of a light emitting diode (LED), the light emitting face configured to emit light generated by the LED;
determining one or more laser parameters of a laser light emitted by a laser projector to form a recessed region of the gallium semiconductor layer having the desired depth associated with the feature when the laser light is projected onto the light emitting face of the gallium semiconductor layer; and
operating the laser projector according to the determined laser parameters to apply the laser light onto the light emitting face of the gallium semiconductor layer, a portion of the gallium semiconductor layer absorbing the laser light to form the recessed region of the gallium semiconductor layer and a metallic gallium layer in the recessed region.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the feature is an annular mirror feature comprising the metallic gallium layer, the metallic gallium layer having an annular shape.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
removing the metallic gallium layer from the recessed region of the gallium semiconductor layer.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the feature is a ring-shaped trench feature at the light emitting face of the gallium semiconductor layer.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the feature is a pit feature at the light emitting face of the gallium semiconductor layer, the pit feature having parabolic side surfaces and a planar bottom surface.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
after removing the metallic gallium layer from the recessed region of the gallium semiconductor layer, applying a coating to the gallium semiconductor layer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein removing the metallic gallium layer from the recessed region exposes a concave pit, wherein a first surface of the coating is in contact with the concave pit and has a convex shape, wherein a second surface of the coating opposite to the first surface has a planar shape, and wherein the feature is a plano-convex lens comprising the coating.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein removing the metallic gallium layer from the recessed region exposes a concave pit, wherein a first surface of the coating is in contact with the concave pit and has a convex shape, wherein a second surface of the coating opposite to the first surface has a convex shape, and wherein the feature is a bi-convex les comprising the coating.