Ultraviolet activated antimicrobial surfaces
The invention is directed to an ion plasma deposition (IPD) method adapted to coat polymer surfaces with highly adherent antimicrobial films. A controlled ion plasma deposition (IPD) process is used to coat a metal or polymer with a selected metal/metal oxide. Exposing the coated surface to ultraviolet light significantly improves the antimicrobial properties of the deposited coatings.
1. An antibacterial coated medical implant device, comprising:
a metal and metal oxide ion plasma deposited nanoparticulate first layer from a target onto a medical device surface, said first layer consisting of metal and metal oxide nanoparticulates substantially free of macroparticulates formed by the process of:
(a) using ion plasma to deposit the first layer onto the substrate; and
(b) exposing the metal and metal oxide nanoparticulates to ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation during step (a), thereby activating ground state oxygen in the metal oxide to form a reactive oxygen species to provide an antimicrobially active coating on the medical device.
2. The coated medical implant device of claim 1 wherein step (b) is performed in the presence of a gas selected from the group consisting of Ar/O; O 2 ; N 2 ; and Ar.
3. The coated medical implant device of claim 2 wherein the gas is at about 40 mTorr pressure.
4. The coated medical implant device of claim 1 wherein step (b) is performed at about 20 degrees Celsius.
5. The coated medical implant device of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
(c) using ion plasma to deposit a second layer onto the substrate, the second layer being formed of macroparticulates; and
(d) exposing the macroparticulates to ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation during step (c), thereby activating ground state oxygen in the second layer to a reactive oxygen species to provide an antimicrobially active coating on the medical device.
6. The coated medical implant device of claim 5 , wherein the second layer consists of mixed sizes of metal and metal oxide macroparticulates ranging from 100 nm up to about 1 micron.
7. An antibacterial bilayer coated medical implant device, comprising:
a metal and metal oxide ion plasma deposited nanoparticulate first layer from a target onto a medical device surface, said first layer consisting of metal and metal oxide nanoparticulates substantially free of macroparticulates; a metal and metal oxide deposited second layer over the first layer, said second layer consisting of mixed sizes of metal and metal oxide macroparticulates ranging from 100 nm up to about 1 micron; formed by the process of:
(a) using ion plasma to deposit the first layer and the second layer onto the substrate; and
(b) exposing the metal and metal oxide nanoparticulates and the macroparticulates to ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation during step (a), thereby activating ground state oxygen in the metal oxide to a reactive oxygen species to provide an enhanced antimicrobially active coating on the medical device.
8. The coated medical implant device of claim 7 wherein step (b) is performed in the presence of a gas selected from the group consisting of Ar/O; O 2 ; N 2 ; and Ar.
9. The coated medical implant device of claim 8 wherein the gas is at about 40 mTorr pressure.
10. The coated medical implant device of claim 7 wherein step (b) is performed at about 20 degrees Celsius.
11. The coated medical implant device of claim 7 wherein the bilayer thickness is about 100 nm.
12. The coated medical implant device of claim 7 wherein the first, second, or first and second layers consist of mixed metal and metal oxide macroparticles selected from groups consisting of: (i) silver (Ag) and silver oxides (AgO and Ag 2 O); (ii) copper (Cu) and copper oxides (CuO and Cu 2 O); and (iii) titanium (Ti) and titanium oxides (TiO and TiO 2 ).
13. The coated medical implant device of claim 12 wherein the first and second layers consist of mixed silver metal and silver metal oxides AgO and Ag 2 O.
14. The coated medical implant device of claim 13 wherein said layers consist of the silver metal oxides AgO and Ag 2 O.
15. An antibacterial bilayer coated medical implant device, comprising:
a metal and metal oxide ion plasma deposited nanoparticulate first layer from a target onto a medical device surface, said first layer consisting of metal and metal oxide nanoparticulates substantially free of macroparticulates; a metal and metal oxide deposited second layer over the first layer, said second layer consisting of mixed sizes of metal and metal oxide macroparticulates ranging from 100 nm up to about 1 micron; formed by the process of:
(a) placing the substrate in a vacuum chamber at about 20 degrees Celsius;
(b) using ion plasma to deposit the first layer and the second layer onto the substrate; and
(c) exposing the metal and metal oxide nanoparticulates and the macroparticulates to ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation in the vacuum chamber during step (b), thereby activating ground state oxygen in the metal oxide to a reactive oxygen species to provide an enhanced antimicrobially active coating on the medical device.
16. The antibacterial bilayer coated medical implant device of claim 15 wherein the vacuum chamber is at about 40 mTorr pressure.
17. The antibacterial coated medical implant device according to claim 16 , wherein step (a) further comprises including diatomic oxygen in the chamber.
18. The antibacterial coated medical implant device according to claim 16 , wherein step (a) further comprises including ozone in the chamber.
19. The antibacterial bilayer coated medical implant device of claim 15 wherein step (a) comprises varying a distance between the target and the substrate.
20. The antibacterial bilayer coated medical implant device of claim 15 , wherein step (a) comprises varying a relative speed of movement between the target and the substrate.