Active harmonics cancellation
Systems and methods are described for active harmonics cancellation. A wireless charging apparatus includes a wireless-power transfer circuit comprising a wireless-power transfer coil configured to generate or couple to a magnetic field to transfer or receive power and a plurality of tuning capacitors electrically coupled to the wireless-power transfer coil. The apparatus also includes a power converter circuit electrically coupled to the wireless-power transfer circuit. Additionally, the apparatus includes a signal generation circuit different from the power converter circuit and electrically coupled to one or more nodes between capacitors of the plurality of tuning capacitors. The signal generation circuit is configured to generate and inject a signal into the wireless-power transfer circuit at the nodes between the capacitors. The signal generation circuit includes a rejection filter tuned to an operating frequency of the wireless-power transfer coil.
1. A wireless charging apparatus comprising:
a wireless-power transfer circuit comprising:
a wireless-power transfer coil configured to generate or couple to a magnetic field to transfer or receive power; and
a plurality of tuning capacitors electrically coupled to the wireless-power transfer coil;
a power converter circuit electrically coupled to the wireless-power transfer circuit; and
a signal generation circuit different from the power converter circuit and electrically coupled to one or more nodes between capacitors of the plurality of tuning capacitors, the signal generation circuit configured to generate and inject a signal into the wireless-power transfer circuit at the one or more nodes between the capacitors of the plurality of tuning capacitors, the signal generation circuit comprising:
a rejection filter tuned to an operating frequency of the wireless-power transfer coil; and
a coupling transformer having:
a high-voltage side coupled to the rejection filter and at least one of the nodes between the capacitors of the plurality of tuning capacitors; and
a low-voltage side coupled to a harmonics-cancellation signal generator that generates a cancellation signal to reduce a number of harmonics components in an electric current of the wireless-power transfer coil, the cancellation signal comprising antiphase signal components.
2. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the coupling transformer is:
configured to reject back firing of a fundamental operating frequency of the wireless-power transfer coil.
3. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the signal generation circuit comprises the harmonics-cancellation signal generator.
4. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation signal generator is configured to adjust one or more of a magnitude or a phase of the cancellation signal.
5. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation signal generator comprises a half-bridge driver or a full-bridge driver.
6. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:
the signal generation circuit further comprises:
a matching filter electrically coupled to the coupling transformer and the harmonics-cancellation signal generator;
the harmonics-cancellation signal generator comprises a driver that uses pulse-width modulation; and
the matching filter removes a switching frequency of the driver.
7. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising one or more current or magnetic field sensors to measure at least one of a magnitude or a phase of the harmonics components of the electric current in the wireless-power transfer coil.
8. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the power converter circuit comprises a rectifier or an inverter.
9. The wireless charging apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the signal generation circuit is configured to modulate the signal to provide a modulated signal that is detectable by a foreign object detection (FOD) system at another power-transfer apparatus for determining positioning information of the wireless-power transfer coil relative to the FOD system.
10. A base wireless charging apparatus comprising:
a wireless-power-transfer coil configured to generate a magnetic field based on an electric current running through the wireless-power-transfer coil operable to transfer power to a wireless-power receiver device; and
harmonics-cancellation circuitry comprising:
a rejection filter coupled to a tuning capacitor of the wireless-power-transfer coil, the rejection filter tuned to an operating frequency of the wireless-power-transfer coil;
a coupling transformer having a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side that is opposite the high-voltage side, the high-voltage side of the coupling transformer coupled to the rejection filter and the tuning capacitor, the coupling transformer configured to couple a cancellation signal into the tuning capacitor of the wireless-power-transfer coil; and
a harmonics-cancellation signal generator coupled to the low-voltage side of the coupling transformer, the harmonics-cancellation signal generator configured to generate the cancellation signal to reduce a number of harmonics components in the electric current of the wireless-power-transfer coil, the cancellation signal comprising antiphase signal components.
11. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 10 , wherein:
the tuning capacitor comprises a plurality of connected capacitors; and
the rejection filter is electrically coupled to one or more nodes between capacitors of the plurality of connected capacitors; and
the coupling transformer is electrically coupled to one or more additional nodes between the capacitors of the plurality of connected capacitors and configured to inject the cancellation signal into the tuning capacitor of the wireless-power-transfer coil at the one or more additional nodes.
12. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation signal generator is configured to adjust one or more of a magnitude or a phase of the cancellation signal.
13. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation circuitry further comprises a matching filter coupled to the coupling transformer and the harmonics-cancellation signal generator, the matching filter configured to provide a substantially constant impedance to the harmonics-cancellation signal generator.
14. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation circuitry further comprises a matching filter coupled to the coupling transformer and the harmonics-cancellation signal generator, the matching filter configured to remove a switching frequency of the harmonics-cancellation signal generator and pass the harmonics components into the tuning capacitor.
15. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation signal generator comprises a half-bridge driver or a full-bridge driver.
16. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation signal generator comprises a driver that uses pulse-width modulation, and wherein the matching filter removes the switching frequency of the driver.
17. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the tuning capacitor comprises a plurality of series or parallel connected capacitors.
18. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising one or more current or magnetic field sensors configured to measure at least one of a magnitude or a phase of the harmonics components of the electric current in the wireless-power-transfer coil.
19. The base wireless charging apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation circuit is configured to:
measure the electric current in the wireless-power-transfer coil;
process the electric current to identify the harmonics components;
generate the antiphase signal components; and
regulate the antiphase signal components by using one or more controllers.
20. A vehicle wireless charging apparatus comprising:
a wireless-power-transfer coil configured to receive a magnetic field and generate an electric current based on the magnetic field;
a rectifier coupled to the wireless-power-transfer coil, the rectifier configured to convert the electric current in the wireless-power-transfer coil to a direct current for charging a battery; and
harmonics-cancellation circuitry comprising:
a rejection filter coupled to a tuning capacitor of the wireless-power-transfer coil, the rejection filter tuned to an operating frequency of the wireless-power-transfer coil;
a coupling transformer having a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side that is opposite the high-voltage side, the high-voltage side of the coupling transformer coupled to the rejection filter and the tuning capacitor, the coupling transformer configured to suppress a fundamental operating frequency of the wireless-power-transfer coil and couple a cancellation signal into the tuning capacitor; and
a harmonics-cancellation signal generator coupled to the low-voltage side of the coupling transformer, the harmonics-cancellation signal generator configured to generate the cancellation signal to reduce a number of harmonics components in the electric current of the wireless-power-transfer coil, the cancellation signal comprising antiphase signal components.
21. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation signal generator is configured to adjust one or more of a magnitude or a phase of the cancellation signal.
22. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation circuitry further comprises a matching filter coupled to the coupling transformer and the harmonics-cancellation signal generator, the matching filter configured to provide a substantially constant impedance to the harmonics-cancellation signal generator.
23. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation circuitry further comprises a matching filter coupled to the coupling transformer and the harmonics-cancellation signal generator, the matching filter configured to remove a switching frequency of the harmonics-cancellation signal generator and pass the harmonics components into the tuning capacitor.
24. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation signal generator comprises a half-bridge driver.
25. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the half-bridge driver uses pulse-width modulation and the matching filter removes the switching frequency of the half-bridge driver.
26. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 20 , wherein:
the tuning capacitor comprises a plurality of connected capacitors; and
the rejection filter is electrically coupled to one or more nodes between capacitors of the plurality of connected capacitors; and
the coupling transformer is electrically coupled to one or more additional nodes between the capacitors of the plurality of connected capacitors and configured to couple the cancellation signal into the tuning capacitor of the wireless-power-transfer coil at the one or more additional nodes.
27. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising one or more sensors configured to measure the electric current of the wireless-power-transfer coil.
28. The vehicle wireless charging apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the harmonics-cancellation circuit is configured to:
measure the electric current in the wireless-power-transfer coil;
process the electric current to identify the harmonics components;
generate the antiphase signal components; and
regulate the antiphase signal components by using one or more controllers.
29. A method for active harmonics cancellation in a wireless electric vehicle charging (WEVC) system, the method comprising:
measuring an electric current in a wireless-power-transfer coil of the WEVC system;
processing the electric current to identify harmonics components;
generating a harmonics-cancellation signal based on the identified harmonics, the harmonics-cancellation signal comprising antiphase signal components;
suppressing a fundamental operating frequency of the electric current in the wireless-power-transfer coil using a coupling transformer having a low-voltage side coupled to a signal generator that generates the harmonics-cancellation signal and a high-voltage side coupled to a tuning capacitor of the wireless-power-transfer coil; and
injecting the harmonics-cancellation signal into the tuning capacitor of the wireless-power-transfer coil to reduce a number of the identified harmonics components.
30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising adjusting at least one of a magnitude or a phase of the antiphase components of the harmonics-cancellation signal to reduce the identified harmonics components in the electric current of the wireless-power-transfer coil based on destructive interference.