Methods and systems for neural stimulation via visual stimulation
Systems and methods of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for treating cognitive dysfunction in a subject in need thereof. The system can include eyeglasses, a photodiode positioned to detect ambient light, light sources, and an input device. The system can include a neural stimulation system that retrieves a profile and selects a light pattern having a fixed parameter and a variable parameter. The neural stimulation system can set a value of the variable parameter of the light pattern, construct an output signal, and then provide the output signal to the light sources to direct light towards the fovea.
1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors configured to:
set a value of a first output signal parameter based on a predetermined stimulation frequency;
set a first value of a second output signal parameter based on a default value;
identify a policy configured to maintain the value of the first output signal parameter for a plurality of time durations, while varying one or more values of the second output signal parameter during the plurality of time durations, the policy comprising:
a first predetermined time duration in which one or more output signals are to be constructed with the first output signal parameter set to the value based on the predetermined stimulation frequency and the second output signal parameter set to the first value based on the default value,
a second predetermined time duration in which the one or more output signals are to be constructed with the first output signal parameter set to the same value based on the predetermined stimulation frequency and the second output signal parameter set to a second value different from the default value, and
a third predetermined time duration in which the one or more output signals are to be constructed with the first output signal parameter set to the same value based on the predetermined stimulation frequency and the second output signal parameter set to a third value different from the second value;
construct, using the policy, an output signal for the first predetermined time duration of the plurality of time durations based on the value of the first output signal parameter and the first value of the second output signal parameter;
provide the output signal to one or more light sources of a device of a subject to cause the one or more light sources to emit light in accordance with the output signal to cause neural stimulation in the subject; and
responsive to providing the output signal for the first predetermined time duration in which the output signal is constructed using the value of the first output signal parameter and the first value of the second output signal parameter,
update, for the second predetermined time duration of the plurality of time durations, based on the policy, the first value of the second output signal parameter to the second value of the second output signal parameter to modify the output signal to the same one or more light sources to cause the one or more light sources to emit light in accordance with the modified output signal that, when perceived by the subject, prevents a level of attention of the subject from falling below an attention threshold during the second predetermined time duration; wherein the system further comprises any one of:
i) a feedback monitor to determine the level of attention based on input from the subject; and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to adjust the second output signal parameter responsive to the level of attention being less than a previous level of attention;
ii) a feedback monitor to detect the level of attention based on a movement of at least one eye of the subject; and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to adjust the second output signal parameter responsive to the level of attention being less than a previous level of attention;
iii) a feedback monitor to detect the level of attention based on movement of at least one eye indicates that the at least one eye moved away from the light directed by the one or more light sources for a duration greater than or equal to 25% of the first predetermined time duration, and determine that the level of attention is less than a previous level of attention; and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to adjust the second output signal parameter to increase attention from the level of attention to the previous level of attention;
iv) a feedback monitor to determine physiological conditions of the subject using a feedback sensor; and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to adjust the second output signal parameter to the second value to modify the output signal responsive to the physiological conditions, and transmit the output signal with the second value; and
v) wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
detect the level of attention based on a movement of at least one eye of the subject;
provide a prompt based on detection of the level of attention falling below the attention threshold; and
adjust, based on feedback received responsive to the prompt, the second output signal parameter.
2. A method, comprising:
setting, by one or more processors, a value of a first output signal parameter based on a predetermined stimulation frequency;
setting, by the one or more processors, a first value of a second output signal parameter based on a default value;
identifying, by the one or more processors, a policy configured to maintain the value of the first output signal parameter for a plurality of time durations, while varying one or more values of the second output signal parameter during the plurality of time durations, the policy comprising:
a first predetermined time duration in which one or more output signals are to be constructed with the first output signal parameter set to the value based on the predetermined stimulation frequency and the second output signal parameter set to the first value based on the default value, and
a second predetermined time duration in which the one or more output signals are to be constructed with the first output signal parameter set to the same value based on the predetermined stimulation frequency and the second output signal parameter set to a second value different from the default value;
constructing, by the one or more processors using the policy, an output signal for the first predetermined time duration of the plurality of time durations based on the value of the first output signal parameter and the first value of the second output signal parameter;
providing, by the one or more processors, the output signal to one or more light sources of a device of a subject to cause the one or more light sources to emit light in accordance with the output signal to cause neural stimulation in the subject; and
responsive to providing the output signal for the first predetermined time duration in which the output signal is constructed using the value of the first output signal parameter and the first value of the second output signal parameter, updating, by the one or more processors for the second predetermined time duration of the plurality of time durations, based on the policy, the first value of the second output signal parameter to the second value of the second output signal parameter to modify the output signal to the same one or more light sources to cause the one or more light sources to emit light in accordance with the modified output signal that, when perceived by the subject, prevents a level of attention of the subject from falling below an attention threshold during the second predetermined time duration; wherein the method further comprises any one of:
i) determining the level of attention based on input from the subject; and
adjusting the second output signal parameter responsive to the level of attention being less than a previous level of attention;
ii) detecting the level of attention based on a movement of at least one eye of the subject; and
adjusting the second output signal parameter responsive to the level of attention being less than a previous level of attention; and
iii) determining physiological conditions of the subject using a feedback sensor; and
adjusting the second output signal parameter to the second value to modify the output signal responsive to the physiological conditions, and transmit the output signal with the second value.