Hemicyanine dyes
The present disclosure embodies compounds of Formula I, methods of use thereof, and kits thereof: that are useful in connection with the detection of analytes of all types (e.g., biological molecules such as proteins, organic molecules, natural or synthetic molecules). The disclosure is particularly applicable to detection of proteins and nucleic acids using all types of membrane-based assays by techniques such as Western blotting, Dot blotting, Southern blotting, and Northern blotting.
1. A compound having Formula I:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, carboxyl, carboxylate, alkoxycarbonyl, amido, sulfonato, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, sulfonatoalkyl, a functional group for conjugation to a biomolecule, and R 7 B, wherein R 7 is the resultant attachment between the compound and a biomolecule;
B is a biomolecule selected from the group consisting of a protein, a peptide, a hormone, an antibody or a fragment thereof, an antigen, a hapten, an avidin, a streptavidin, a carbohydrate, a carbohydrate derivative, an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide, a nucleic acid, a deoxynucleic acid, a fragment of DNA, a fragement of RNA, a nucleotide triposphatase, an acyclo terminator triphosphatase, and a peptide nucleic acid (PNA);
x, y and z are each an integer independently selected from 1-10; and
X is hydrogen or a metal cation, wherein said compound has a balanced charge, wherein in Formula I, at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is a functional group for conjugation, which is a member selected from the group consisting of a maleimide, an activated acyl, an activated ester, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, a hydrazine, a hydrazide, a hydrazone, an azide, an alkyne, an aldehyde, a thiol, and protected groups thereof for conjugation or is R 7 B.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, halo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amido, and sulfonato.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 6 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and sulfonato.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the functional group for conjugation to a biomolecule is a member selected from the group consisting of a maleimide, an activated acyl, an activated ester, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, an azide, an alkyne, an aldehyde, a thiol, and protected groups thereof for conjugation to a biomolecule.
6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein R 5 is the functional group for conjugation to a biomolecule or is R 7 B.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the formula selected from the group consisting of:
8. A method for detecting and/or staining a protein, the method comprising:
contacting a staining mixture that contains a compound or dye of
Formula I according to claim 1 ;
with a protein to form a combined mixture;
incubating the combined mixture for a time sufficient for the compound or dye of Formula I to associate with the protein to form a dye complex that gives an optical response upon illumination;
illuminating the dye-protein complex; and
detecting the optical response.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the dye complex association is reversible.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the dye complex association is performed at an acidic pH.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the acidic pH is in a range of 1 to 6.
12. A kit for staining a protein in a sample, the kit comprising:
a) a compound or dye:
of Formula I(a) :
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each hydrogen;
R 5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, carboxyl, carboxylate, alkoxycarbonyl, amido, sulfonato, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, and sulfonatoalkyl carboxylate and sulfonato;
R 6 is sulfonato;
x and y are each 2;
z is an integer selected from 3 or 4; and
X is hydrogen or a metal cation, wherein said compound or dye has a balanced charge; and
b) instructions for combining said compound or dye of Formula I(a) with a sample containing a protein; said instructions comprising:
i) combining the sample with a staining mixture that contains said compound or dye of Formula I(a) to form a combined mixture; and
ii) incubating the combined mixture for a time sufficient for the dye or compound in the staining mixture to associate with the protein in the sample mixture to form a dye-protein complex that gives a detectable optical response upon illumination.
13. A compound having Formula I(a):
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each hydrogen or alkyl;
R 5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, cyano, carboxyl, carboxylate, alkoxycarbonyl, amido, sulfonato, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, and sulfonatoalkyl carboxylate and sulfonato;
R 6 is sulfonato;
x and y are each 2;
z is an integer selected from 3 or 4; and
X is hydrogen or a metal cation, wherein said compound has a balanced charge.
14. The compound of claim 13 , wherein z is 3.
15. The compound of claim 13 , wherein the compound has the formula selected from the group consisting of:
16. A method for detecting and/or straining a protein, the method comprising:
contacting a staining mimxture that contains a compound or dye of Formula I(a) according to claim 13 with a protein to form a combined mixture;
incubatinig the combined mixture for a time sufficient for the compund or dye of Formula (Ia) to associate with the protein to form a dye complex that gives an optical response upon illumination;
illuminating the dye-protein complex; and
detecting the optical response.
17. The method of claim 8 , wherein the compound has the formula selected from the group consisting of:
18. A compound having the formula:
wherein R 5 is a member selected from the group consisting of:
wherein n and p are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3.
19. A compound having the formula: