Apparatus and methods for aligning photopolymers using an asymmetrically focused beam

1. A method for aligning a layer of photopolymers, the method comprising:

projecting incident light onto a first optical element while rotating the first optical element about a first optical axis, wherein

the first optical element, when rotated to a first position, converts the incident light into first light having first polarization; and

the first optical element, when rotated to a second position, converts the incident light into second light having second polarization;

asymmetrically focusing the first light onto a first region of the layer of photopolymers; and

asymmetrically focusing the second light onto a second region distinct from the first region of the layer of photopolymers,

wherein the first region and the second region each has a surface area with an aspect ratio of at least 2,500:1.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein.

the first region includes a first portion of photopolymers that are aligned in a first direction in response to the first light; and

the second region includes a second portion of photopolymers that are aligned in a second direction in response to the second light, the second direction being distinct from the first direction.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein

the surface area of each of the first region and the second region has a length of at least 5 mm and a width of at most 2 μm.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the incident light has an initial polarization in an initial polarization direction;

the first polarization is a first linear polarization in a first polarization direction that forms a first angle with the initial polarization direction; and

the second polarization is a second linear polarization in a second polarization direction having a second polarization angle with the initial polarization direction.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

asymmetrically focusing the first light onto a first region of the layer of photopolymers includes steering the first light toward the first region of the layer of photopolymers; and

asymmetrically focusing the second light onto a second region of the layer of photopolymers includes steering the second light toward the second region of the layer of photopolymers.

6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising steering light output from the first optical element toward different regions of the layer of photopolymers while rotating the first optical element.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising moving the layer of photopolymers concurrently with rotating the first optical element so that the first light is asymmetrically focused onto the first region of the layer of photopolymers and the second light is asymmetrically focused onto the second region of the layer of photopolymers, wherein the first optical element is rotated at a constant rate of rotation and the layer of photopolymers is moved at a constant speed that corresponds to the constant rate of rotation.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the first optical axis is along a propagation direction of the incident light;

the first optical element has a second optical axis perpendicular to the first optical axis;

the second optical axis forms a first angle with a reference axis when the first optical element is rotated to the first position; and

the second optical axis forms a second angle with a reference axis when the first optical element is rotated to the second position, the second angle being distinct from the first angle.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first optical element, when rotated to a third position, converts the incident light into third light having third polarization, and wherein the second optical axis forms a third angle with the reference axis when the first optical element is rotated to the third position, the third angle is 90 degrees from the first angle and is distinct from the second angle;

the third polarization is the same as the first polarization; and

the third light is focused onto a third region of the layer of photopolymers distinct from each of the first region and the second region of the layer of photopolymers.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein:

the first optical element, when rotated to a fourth position, converts the incident light into fourth light having fourth polarization;

the second optical axis forms a fourth angle with the reference axis when the first optical element is rotated to the fourth position; and

the fourth light is focused onto a fourth region of the layer of photopolymers distinct from each of the first region, the second region and the third region of the layer of photopolymers.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein:

subsequent to being rotated to the third position, the first optical element is rotated again to the first position in which the first optical element converts the incident light into fifth light having the first polarization; and

the fifth light is focused onto a fifth region of the layer of photopolymers distinct from each of the first region, the second region and the third region of the layer of photopolymers.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a distance between the first region and the third region corresponds to a distance between the third region and the fifth region.

13. A method for aligning a layer of photopolymers, the method comprising:

projecting incident light onto a first optical element while rotating the first optical element about a first optical axis, wherein

the first optical element, when rotated to a first position, converts the incident light into first light having first polarization; and

the first optical element, when rotated to a second position, converts the incident light into second light having second polarization;

asymmetrically focusing the first light onto a first region of the layer of photopolymers; and

asymmetrically focusing the second light onto a second region distinct from the first region of the layer of photopolymers, wherein:

the method further comprises moving the layer of photopolymers concurrently with rotating the first optical element so that the first light is asymmetrically focused onto the first region of the layer of photopolymers and the second light is asymmetrically focused onto the second region of the layer of photopolymers;

the first region has a length of at least 5 mm and a width of at most 2 μm;

the second region has a length of at least 5 mm and a width of at most 2 μm; and

moving the layer of photopolymers includes moving the layer of photopolymers in a direction along the width of the first region.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:

the first optical axis is along a propagation direction of the incident light;

the first optical element has a second optical axis perpendicular to the first optical axis;

the second optical axis forms a first angle with a reference axis when the first optical element is rotated to the first position; and

the second optical axis forms a second angle with a reference axis when the first optical element is rotated to the second position, the second angle being distinct from the first angle.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first optical element, when rotated to a third position, converts the incident light into third light having third polarization, and wherein

the second optical axis forms a third angle with the reference axis when the first optical element is rotated to the third position, the third angle is 90 degrees from the first angle and is distinct from the second angle;

the third polarization is the same as the first polarization; and

the third light is focused onto a third region of the layer of photopolymers distinct from each of the first region and the second region of the layer of photopolymers.

16. An apparatus for aligning a layer of photopolymers, comprising:

a first optical element configured to receive and transmit incident light; and

a second optical element configured to asymmetrically focus the light transmitted by the first optical element, wherein

the first optical element is further configured to be rotated about its optical axis;

the first optical element, when rotated to a first position, is configured to convert the incident light into first light having first polarization, the first light being asymmetrically focused by the second optical element onto a first region of the layer of photopolymers;

the first optical element, when rotated to a second position, is configured to convert the incident light into second light having second polarization, and the second light being asymmetrically focused onto a second region of the layer of photopolymers;

the second optical element has an optical profile that is axially asymmetric such that the first region and the second region each has a surface area with an aspect ratio of at least 2500:1;

the first region includes a first portion of photopolymers that are aligned in a first direction in response to the first light and

the second region includes a second portion of photopolymers that are aligned in a second direction in response to the second light, the second direction being distinct from the first direction.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising:

a stage configured to move the layer of photopolymers to a first position so that the first light is asymmetrically focused onto the first region of the layer of photopolymers, and to subsequently move the layer of photopolymers to a second position so that the second light is asymmetrically focused onto the second region of the layer of photopolymers.

18. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising:

a steering module configured to steer the asymmetrically focused first light toward the first region of the layer of photopolymers and to subsequently steer the asymmetrically focused second light toward the second region of the layer of photopolymers.

19. An apparatus for aligning a layer of photopolymers, comprising:

a first optical element configured to receive and transmit incident light and

a second optical element configured to asymmetrically focus the light transmitted by the first optical element, wherein

the first optical element is further configured to be rotated about its optical axis;

the first optical element, when rotated to a first position, is configured to convert the incident light into first light having first polarization, the first light being asymmetrically focused by the second optical element onto a first region of the layer of photopolymers;

the first optical element, when rotated to a second position, is configured to convert the incident light into second light having second polarization, and the second light being asymmetrically focused onto a second region of the layer of photopolymers; and

the second optical element is a cylindrical lens configured such that the first region and the second region each has a surface area with an aspect ratio of at least 2500:1.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 , further comprising:

a stage configured to move the layer of photopolymers to a first position so that the first light is asymmetrically focused onto the first region of the layer of photopolymers, and to subsequently move the layer of photopolymers to a second position so that the second light is asymmetrically focused onto the second region of the layer of photopolymers.