Intelligent medication delivery systems and methods for dose setting and dispensing monitoring
Systems, devices, and techniques are disclosed for administering and tracking medicine to patients and providing health management capabilities for patients and caregivers. In some aspects, an intelligent medicine administering system includes a medicine injection device having a multi-channel encoder that detects fault conditions (e.g., such as open or short circuits) and a patient user's companion device including a software application operable to implement algorithms for detecting faults and communication loss and alerting the patient user for safety and fail-safes of the medicine injection device.
1. A system for administering insulin to a patient, comprising:
an injection pen device, the injection pen device structured to contain a medicine cartridge and include:
a dose setting mechanism to set a dose of insulin stored in the medicine cartridge to be dispensed by the injection pen device,
a dispensing mechanism to dispense the insulin according to the set dose, a sensor unit to detect a dispensed dose,
an electronics unit including a processor, a memory, and a wireless transmitter, the electronics unit configured to process the detected dispensed dose with time data associated with a dispensing event to generate dose data, and to wirelessly transmit the dose data, and
a multi-channel encoder, in communication with the electronics unit and one or both of the dose setting mechanism and the dispensing mechanism to monitor a dose setting operation or a dose dispensing operation; and
the injection pen device in wireless communication with a mobile communication device that includes a data processing unit including a processor and memory to receive and process the dose data,
wherein one or both of the electronics unit of the injection pen device or the data processing unit of the mobile communication device are configured to determine a fault in an operation of the injection pen device indicative of an error based on a quality of signal from the multi-channel encoder, wherein the fault is determined based on a signal quality analysis of at least one of electrical noise signal frequency error phase error or duty cycle error,
wherein the multi-channel encoder includes:
a first component including a substrate and a pattern of electrically conductive segmented contact pads in a first region of the substrate, and a plurality of channel pads disposed on the substrate in a second region, the plurality of channel pads including an electrical ground pad and at least three input channel pads; and
a second component including an electrically conductive sweeping contact that electrically interfaces with individual segmented contact pads of the first component, one at a time, during the sweep of the pattern, wherein the second component is configured to rotate about a shared axis with the first component, or vice versa, such that the sweeping contact sweeps along the pattern of segmented contact pads during rotation.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to monitor a frequency in a change between a series of rising and falling portions of the signal of the multi-channel encoder and determine when the frequency exceeds a predetermined threshold to determine the fault in the operation of the injection pen device.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to monitor a phase in a rising edge, a falling edge, or both a rising edge and a falling edge of the signal of the multi-channel encoder and determine when the signal is out of phase based on a predetermined phase pattern to determine the fault in the operation of the injection pen device.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to monitor a duty cycle of the signal to determine that a percentage of time that the signal is high and low is within a predetermined range or ranges to determine the fault in the operation of the injection pen device.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the percentage of time the signal is high and low is determined by averaging the duty cycle over a plurality of cycles of the multi-channel encoder.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to monitor a voltage of an encoder channel output to determine a stability of the voltage within a predetermined threshold of supply voltage or an electrical ground voltage.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-channel encoder includes a two-channel quadrature encoder.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-channel encoder includes three or more channels.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the determined fault is indicative of one or more of a dirty or contaminated electrical contact or connection in the multi-channel encoder, a corroded or damaged electrical contact or connection within the multi-channel encoder, or an ingress of a liquid within the multi-channel encoder.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least three input channel pads include a first channel and a second channel associated with measuring rotation of the dose setting mechanism and/or the dispensing mechanism, and a third channel associated with holding at least some of the pattern of segmented contact pads at electrical ground during a sweep of the pattern.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sweeping contact is connected to electrical ground.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fault is determined based on monitoring of channel disconnection or channel short circuit associated with the multi-channel encoder.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the injection pen device or the mobile communication device includes a software application program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the injection pen device or the mobile communication device to generate an alert associated with the detected fault.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the instructions of the software application program product, which when executed by the processor, further cause the injection pen device or the mobile communication device to process communication data between the injection pen device and the mobile communications device to determine a loss of communications and to generate an alert associated with the determined loss of communications.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the mobile communication device is implemented on a smartphone, a tablet, a wearable computing device including a smartwatch or smartglasses, a computer including a laptop computer, or one or more computers networked in a communication network through the Internet.
16. A multi-channel encoder for an insulin injection device, comprising:
a first component including a substrate and a pattern of electrically conductive segmented contact pads in a first region of the substrate, and a plurality of channel pads disposed on the substrate in a second region, the plurality of channel pads including an electrical ground pad and at least three input channel pads; and
a second component including an electrically conductive sweeping contact that electrically interfaces with individual segmented contact pads of the first component, one at a time, during the sweep of the pattern, wherein the second component is configured to rotate about a shared axis with the first component, or vice versa, such that the sweeping contact sweeps along the pattern of segmented contact pads during rotation wherein the multi-channel encoder is in communication with a processing unit of the insulin injection device.
17. The multi-channel encoder of claim 16 , wherein the at least three input channel pads include a first channel and a second channel associated with measuring rotation of a dose setting and/or dispensing mechanism of the insulin injection device, and a third channel associated with holding at least some of the pattern of segmented contact pads at electrical ground during a sweep of the pattern.
18. The multi-channel encoder of claim 16 , wherein the first component and the second component are configured as annular rings.
19. The multi-channel encoder of claim 16 , wherein the first component includes a printed circuit board, and the pattern of segmented contact pads and the plurality of channel pads include planar metallic contacts.
20. The multi-channel encoder of claim 16 , wherein the sweeping contact includes a spring-loaded arm that is coupled to a body of the second component.
21. The multi-channel encoder of claim 16 , wherein the first component further includes one or more base pads electrically coupled to the electrical ground pad.
22. The multi-channel encoder of claim 21 , wherein the multi-channel encoder further includes one or more spring connectors to interface between the second component and the one or more base pads, wherein the second component includes an interior track along a side of the second component that faces the first component such that second component slides along a contacting surface of the spring connectors in the interior track as the sweeping contact sweeps across the pattern of segmented contact pads during rotation.
23. The multi-channel encoder of claim 16 , wherein the third channel of the multi-channel encoder is operable to actively monitor ground for detection of damage to the injection pen device.