Fast-curing epoxy systems

1. A composition comprising of the following constituents a) an epoxy resin selected from the group consisting of a polyepoxide based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, 4,4′-methylenebis[N,N-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)aniline], hexanediol diglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, propane-1,2,3-triol triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether and diglycidyl hexahydrophthalate;

b) a cyclic amine of the formula (I)

in which

R 1 to R 4 is H or an organic radical,

wherein at least one of the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 radicals=H, and

X═(Y 1 ) m -(A 1 ) n -(Y 2 ) o -(A 2 ) p -(Y 3 ) q -(A 3 ) r -(Y 4 ) s —  (II)

wherein

m, n, o, p, q, r and s=0 or 1,

A 1 , A 2 , A 3 =alkylene or alkenylene radical and

Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 =NR 5 , PR 5 , O or S, where R 5 independently=organic radical,

where any two organic radicals selected from R 1 to R 5 and any radicals present in the alkylene and/or alkenylene radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 may also form one or more further rings,

wherein at least one of the radicals selected from R 1 to R 5 present and any radicals present in the alkylene and/or alkenylene radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 is substituted by at least one —NHR 6 or —NH 2 group, where R 6 =organic radical;

c) a salt of a Brønsted acid selected from the group consisting of calcium triflate, europium triflate, barium triflate, aluminium triflate, bismuth triflate, lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate, barium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and zinc perchlorate; and

d) an amine not covered by the part b), wherein the percentage by weight of the cyclic amine b) based on the total mass of the amines b) and d) is at least 70% by weight, and the amine not covered by the part b) is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-1,2-diamine, propylene-1,2-diamine, propylene-1,3-diamine, butylene-1,2-diamine, butylene-1,3-diamine, butylene-1,4-diamine, 2-(ethylamino)ethylamine, 3-(methylamino)propylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, penta-ethylenehexamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene-diamine, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, N-(3-amino-propyl)propane-1,3-diamine, N,N″-1,2-ethanediylbis(1,3-propanediamine), dipropylenetriamine, adipic dihydrazide and hydrazine;

1,13-diamino-4,7,10-trioxatridecane, 4,7-dioxadecane-1,10-diamine;

isophoronediamine (3,5,5-trimethyl-3-aminomethylcyclohexylamine), 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 2,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and 2,2′-diaminodi-cyclohexylmethane, alone or in mixtures of the isomers, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, N-cyclohexyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 3-(cyclohexylamino)-propylamine, TCD diamine (3(4),8(9)-bis(aminomethyl)-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane), 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine;

phenylene-1,3-diamine and phenylene-1,4-diamine, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2′-diaminodiphenylmethane; and

wherein the ratio of the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin to the sum total of all NH groups in all amines is from 0.5:1 to 1.5:1.

2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin to the sum total of all NH groups of the cyclic amine is from 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin is a liquid diglycidyl ether based on bisphenol A and bisphenol F having an epoxy equivalent of from 150 to 200 g/eq, and

wherein the ratio of the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin to the sum total of all NH groups in all amines is from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 radicals in formula (I)=H, wherein

the salt of the Brønsted acid is selected from the group consisting of calcium triflate, europium triflate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium hexafluorophosphate.

5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein A 1 , A 2 and A 3 independently have the formula (III)))

—(CR 7 R 8 ) x —(CR 9 ═CR 10 ) y —(CR 11 R 12 ) z —  (III)

in which, independently of one another,

R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 R 11 , and R 12 =H or organic radical and

1< x+y+z< 7.

6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein X in formula (II) has a chain length of 2 to 15 atoms, and wherein the salt of a Brønsted acid is selected from the group consisting of calcium triflate, europium triflate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium hexafluorophosphate.

7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein X has the formula (IIa)

with x and z=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,

o=0 or 1,

2< x+o+z< 15

R 7 , R 8 , R 11 and R 12 =H or organic radical and

and Y═NR 5 , PR 5 , O or S, where R 5 =organic radical.

8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein x=1, 2, 3 or 4, o=0 or 1 and z=0, 1 or 2.

9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic amine of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, 1-imidazolidinoethanamine, imidazolidino-N-propanamine, α-methyl-1-piperazinethanamine, 2,6-dimethyl-1-piperazinoethanamine, 2-amino-1-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanone, 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine, 3-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine and 2-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine.

10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition also includes

e) further auxiliaries or additives, and

wherein the salt of a Brønsted acid is selected from the group consisting of calcium triflate, europium triflate, lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluorophosphate.

11. The composition as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the composition includes components a) to e) in the following percentages by weight, based on the total mass of the composition:

a) from 30-95% of the epoxy resin,

b) from 1-50% of the cyclic amine,

c) from 0.001-5% salt of the Brønsted acid,

d) an amine not covered by b), and

e) not greater than 48% of further auxiliaries or additives, and

wherein the percentage by weight of the cyclic amine b) based on the total mass of the amines b) and d) is at least 70% by weight.

12. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin to the sum total of all NH groups of the cyclic amine is from 0.8:1 to 1.2:1 and

wherein the salt of a Brønsted acid is selected from the group consisting of calcium triflate, europium triflate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium hexafluorophosphate.

13. A composition comprising of the following constituents

a) an epoxy resin selected from a group consisting of liquid diglycidyl ether based on bisphenol A and bisphenol F having an epoxy equivalent of from 150 to 200 g/eq,

b) from 1 to 50% of a cyclic amine selected from the group consisting of aminoethylpiperazine (AEP, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine), 1-(3-aminopropyl)-piperazine, 1-imidazolidinoethanamine, imidazolidino-N-propanamine, α-methyl-1-piperazinethanamine, 2,6-dimethyl-1-piperazinoethanamine, 2-amino-1-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanone, 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine, 3-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine and 2-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine,

c) a salt of a Brønsted acid selected from the group consisting of calcium triflate, europium triflate, barium triflate, aluminium triflate, bismuth triflate, lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate, barium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and zinc perchlorate,

d) an amine not covered by the part b), wherein the percentage by weight of the cyclic amine b) based on the total mass of the amines b) and d) is at least 70% by weight, and the amine not covered by the part b) is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-1,2-diamine, propylene-1,2-diamine, propylene-1,3-diamine, butylene-1,2-diamine, butylene-1,3-diamine, butylene-1,4-diamine, 2-(ethylamino)ethylamine, 3-(methylamino)propylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)propane-1,3-diamine, N,N″-1,2-ethanediylbis(1,3-propanediamine), dipropylenetriamine, adipic dihydrazide and hydrazine;

1,13-diamino-4,7,10-trioxatridecane, 4,7-dioxadecane-1,10-diamine;

isophoronediamine (3,5,5-trimethyl-3-aminomethylcyclohexylamine), 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 2,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and 2,2′-diaminodi-cyclohexylmethane, alone or in mixtures of the isomers, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, N-cyclohexyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 3-(cyclohexylamino)-propylamine, TCD diamine (3(4),8(9)-bis(aminomethyl)-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane), 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine;

phenylene-1,3-diamine and phenylene-1,4-diamine, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2′-diaminodiphenylmethane, and

wherein the ratio of the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin to the sum total of all NH groups in all amines is from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

14. The composition according to claim 13 , wherein the salt of a Brønsted acid is selected from the group consisting of calcium triflate, europium triflate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium hexafluorophosphate.

15. The process for producing a composition according to claim 13 , wherein the epoxy resin a), the cyclic amine b) and the salt of a Brønsted acid c) are mixed with one another.

16. A composite comprising the composition according to claim 13 .

17. A casting resin comprising the composition according to claim 13 .

18. A coating composition comprising the composition according to claim 13 .

19. An adhesive comprising the composition according to claim 13 .